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Yeni Dünya Düzeni: Çin’in Barışçıl Büyüme Hedefleri Bağlamında Ortadoğu Politikası Skip to content Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 126 – 140, 16.04.2024
Dilruba Kurut
https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1453807
Öz Çin, küresel sistemde son yıllarda sadece büyüyen ekonomisi ile değil, aynı zamanda artan arabulucu rolü nedeniyle de ön plana çıkmaktadır. Güç dengesi ve küresel rekabetin Ortadoğu’dan Asya-Pasifik’e kaydığı 21. yüzyılda Çin ekonomik büyümesini barışçıl ve istikrarlı bir biçimde yürütmek adına birçok bölge ve ülke ile ekonomik işbirliğini geliştirmeye önem göstermiş ve karşılıklı bağımlılığı arttırmıştır. Pasifik’te Çin ile ABD arasında yaşanan rekabet, yeni dünya düzeninde aktörlerin yeniden şekillenmesine yol açmış ve bölgesel önem sırasını değiştirmiştir. Fakat, Çin, ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik, enerji güvenliği ve küresel ticaret zincirinin gelişmesi için Ortadoğu politikasına önem vermektedir. Bu bağlamda, Çin’in, Suudi Arabistan ile İran arasındaki diplomatik ilişkilerin yeniden başlatılmasında arabulucu olarak önemli bir rol oynadığı ve İsrail-Filistin Savaşı’nda Filistin’in bağımsız bir devlet kurmasına destek verdiği görülmektedir. Bu yöndeki desteği ve söylemleri ön plana çıkarken, Filistin’e insani yardım gönderdiği de görülmektedir. Bütün bu gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, bu makale, Çin’in özellikle Xi Jinping dönemi Ortadoğu politikalarını, yeniden inşa edilen dünya düzeni bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler Çin, Ortadoğu, Barışçıl büyüme
Etik Beyan Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.
Destekleyen Kurum Çalışma, kamusal, özel, ticari nitelikte ya da kâr amacı gütmeyen herhangi bir kurumdan destek alınmadan hazırlanmıştır.
Kaynakça Aljazeera. (2023, 25 Ağustos). Analysis: What do BRICS invitations mean for the Middle East? Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/25/analysis-what-do-brics-invitations-mean-for-the-middle-east Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Aljazeera. (2023,21 Ağustos). China-brokered Saudi-Iran deal driving ‘wave of reconciliation’, says Wang. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/21/china-brokered-saudi-iran-deal-driving-wave-of-reconciliation-says-wang Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Andersen, L.E., and Jiang, Y. (2014). Is China challenging the US in the Persian Gulf? Oil, security, and politics (No. 2014: 29). DIIS Report. Arı, T. (2017). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu: Savaş, Siyaset ve Diplomasi, (7. Baskı). Alfa Akademi Basım Yayım Dağıtım. Barkdull, J. (1995). Waltz, Durkheim, and International Relations: The International System As An Abnormal Form. American Political Science Review, 89(3), 669-680. BRF, (2023). A Global Community of Shared Future: China's Proposals and Actions: The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. BRF. http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n101/2023/1010/c127-916.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Burton, G. (2021). China and the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. J. Fulton (Ed) In Routledge Handbook on China–Middle East Relations (pp.368-383) içinde. Routledge. Burton, G. (2023). China and Conflict Management in the Middle East. Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp.217-227) içinde. Routledge. China Embassy. (2023, 25 Kasım). Foreign Ministry Spokesman's Press Conference on November 5, 2002. China Embassy. http://pg.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/200311/t20031125_889820.htm Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Çalışkan, S. (2023,15 Aralık). Understanding China’s Position on the Israel-Palestine Conflict. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/understanding-chinas-position-on-the-israel-palestine-conflict/ Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Dale, G. (2023,15 Eylül). Are the BRICS the new 'Bandung'? Brunel University London. https://www.brunel.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/articles/Are-the-BRICS-the-new-Bandung Mart 2024 tarihinde yayınlanmıştır. Euronews. (2023,13 Mart). İran ile Suudi Arabistan arasındaki ilişkilerin normalleşmesi için varılan anlaşmada Çin'in üstlendiği rol ABD'de nasıl yorumlandı? Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2023/03/13/suudi-arabistan-ve-iranin-cinin-arabuluculugunda-anlasmasi-abdde-nasil-yorumlandi Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Fan, H. (2011). China’s policy options towards Iran. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 5(1), 45-60. Filint, C., and Taylor, P. J. (2018). Political Geography: World-Economy, Nation-State and Locality. Routledge Fulton, J. (Ed.). (2022). Routledge Handbook on China-Middle East Relations. Routledge. Gaiser, L., and Kovač, I. (2012). From bipolarity to bipolarity: International relations repeating again. Journal of Global Policy and Governance, 1, 49-63. Gering, T. (2023,15 Şubat). Full throttle in neutral: China’s new security architecture for the Middle East. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/full-throttle-in-neutral-chinas-new-security-architecture-for-the-middle-east/ Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Harrison, R. (2018). Shifts in the Middle East balance of power: An historical perspective. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies. Horesh, N. and Ehteshami, A. (2018). How China’s Rise Is Changing the Middle East. Routledge. İşyar, Ö. G. (2010). Avrasya ve Avrasyacılık. Dora Yayınları. Kissinger, H. (2015). Çin: Dünden Bugüne Yeni Çin. Kaknus Yayınevi. Krieg, A. (2016). Externalizing the burden of war: the Obama Doctrine and US foreign policy in the Middle East. International Affairs, 92(1), 97–113. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12506 Liu, J., and Wu, L. (2010). Key issues in China-Iran relations. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 4(1), 40-57. Mason, R. (2023). China and Regional Stability in the Middle East: Economics, Engagement, and Great Power Rivalry. Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 125-139). Routledge. MFA of PRC. (2023, 16 Mart). Xi Jinping Attends the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-level Meeting and Delivers a Keynote Speech. MFA of PRC. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202303/t20230317_11043656.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. MFA of PRC. (2023,21 Şubat). The Global Security Initiative Concept Paper. MFA of PRC. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/202302/t20230221_11028348.html#:~:text=The%20GSI%20aims%20to%20eliminate,and%20development%20in%20the%20world Şubat 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Morphet, S. (2000). China as a Permanent Member of the Security Council: October 1971—December 1999. Security Dialogue, 31(2), 151-166. Motamedi, M. (2023,11 Mart). What to expect after Iran, Saudi Arabia agree to restore ties. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/11/what-to-expect-after-iran-saudi-arabia-agree-to-restore-ties Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. NTV. (2024,12 Mart). Çin, Rusya ve İran'dan Umman Körfezi'nde ortak deniz tatbikatı. NTV. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/cin-rusya-ve-irandan-umman-korfezinde-ortak-deniz-tatbikati,3lV7tXXHBUSwkp9SDLc8dw Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Olimat, M.S. (2023). China and The Middle East. Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 9-24) içinde. Routledge. Record, J. (2003). The Bush doctrine and war with Iraq. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 33(1), 9. Reuters. (2022, 16 Ekim). Key Xi'nin Çin'in 20. Komünist Parti Kongresi'ndeki sözleri. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/key-xi-quotes-chinas-20th-communist-party-congress-2022-10-16/ Şubat 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Rolland, N. (2020). China's Vision For A New World Order (Vol. 6). DC: National Bureau of Asian Research. Sassoon, Joseph. (2018). China and Iraq. J. Reardon- Anderson (Ed), The Red Star & the Crescent: China and the Middle East (pp.149-171) içinde. London: Hurst & Co. Shichor, Y. (2023). China- Israel: Trilateral Dimensions of Bilateral Relations. Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp.305-316) içinde. Routledge. Sidlo, K. W. (2020). The Chinese Belt and Road Project in the Middle East and North Africa. https://www.iemed.org/publication/the-chinese-belt-and-road-project-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/ Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Spektor, L.S. (1996). Temsilciler Meclisi Uluslararası İlişkiler Komitesi önünde 12 Eylül 1996. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace https://carnegieendowment.org/1996/09/12/chinese-assistance-to-iran-s-weapons-of-mass-destruction-and-missile-programs-pub-129 Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Sputnik. (2017, 18 Ekim). ÇKP' nın 19. Ulusal Kongresi başladı: 'Çin usulü sosyalizm yeni bir döneme girdi. Sputnik. https://sputniknews.com.tr/20171018/cin-cinping-sosyalizm-yeni-donem-1030647230.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Sputnik. (2023, 4 Temmuz). İran, Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü'ne resmen üye oldu. Sputnik. https://sputniknews.com.tr/20230704/iran-sanghay-isbirligi-orgutune-sio-uye-oldu-1073151813.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. UN General Assembly. (2022). Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China For the 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly. UN General Assembly. http://geneva.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/dbdt/202209/t20220921_10768735.htm Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Xinhua. (2022, 8 Aralık). Full Text of Xi’s Signed Article on Saudi Media. Xinhua. https://english.news.cn/20221208/cc10b8d41b3749a78ec981ceeda6b26b/c.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Xinping, X. (2019). Xi Jinping Anekdotlar (Giray Fidan (Çev)). Kopernik Kitap. Yildirimçakar, E. (2023). The Dynamics of Iran-China “New” Strategic Cooperation. Alternatif Politika, 15(2), 344-367. Zare, K. (2023). The Sino- Iranian Relationship: Preserving the Status Quo in the Region? Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp.292-304) içinde. Routledge
The New World Order: Middle East Policy In The Context of China's Peaceful Growth Targets Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 126 – 140, 16.04.2024
Dilruba Kurut
https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1453807
Öz China has come to the fore in the global system in recent years not only with its growing economy but also with its increasing role as a mediator. In the 21st century, when the balance of power and global competition has shifted from the Middle East to the Asia-Pacific, China has paid attention to developing economic cooperation with many regions and countries and increased mutual dependence to carry out its economic growth peacefully and stably. The competition between China and the USA in the Pacific has led to the reshaping of actors in the new world order and changing the order of regional importance. However, China puts much emphasis on its Middle East policy in order to provide economic sustainability, energy security, and the development of the global trade chain. In this context, it is observed that China played an important role as a mediator in resuming diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran and supported Palestine’s establishment of an independent state in the Israel-Palestine War. While its support and rhetoric in this direction come to the fore, it is also seen that it sent humanitarian aid to Palestine. Considering all these developments, this article aims to evaluate China’s Middle East policies, especially during the period of Xi Jinping, in the context of the reshaped world order.
Anahtar Kelimeler China, Middle East, Peacefully growth
Etik Beyan It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.
Destekleyen Kurum This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
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China as a Permanent Member of the Security Council: October 1971—December 1999. Security Dialogue, 31(2), 151-166. Motamedi, M. (2023,11 Mart). What to expect after Iran, Saudi Arabia agree to restore ties. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/11/what-to-expect-after-iran-saudi-arabia-agree-to-restore-ties Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. NTV. (2024,12 Mart). Çin, Rusya ve İran'dan Umman Körfezi'nde ortak deniz tatbikatı. NTV. https://www.ntv.com.tr/dunya/cin-rusya-ve-irandan-umman-korfezinde-ortak-deniz-tatbikati,3lV7tXXHBUSwkp9SDLc8dw Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Olimat, M.S. (2023). China and The Middle East. Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 9-24) içinde. Routledge. Record, J. (2003). The Bush doctrine and war with Iraq. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 33(1), 9. Reuters. (2022, 16 Ekim). Key Xi'nin Çin'in 20. Komünist Parti Kongresi'ndeki sözleri. 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Xinhua. https://english.news.cn/20221208/cc10b8d41b3749a78ec981ceeda6b26b/c.html Mart 2024 tarihinde alınmıştır. Xinping, X. (2019). Xi Jinping Anekdotlar (Giray Fidan (Çev)). Kopernik Kitap. Yildirimçakar, E. (2023). The Dynamics of Iran-China “New” Strategic Cooperation. Alternatif Politika, 15(2), 344-367. Zare, K. (2023). The Sino- Iranian Relationship: Preserving the Status Quo in the Region? Y. H. Zoubir (Ed), Routledge Companion to China and the Middle East and North Africa (pp.292-304) içinde. Routledge Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar Birincil Dil Türkçe Konular Asya Toplumu Çalışmaları, Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Bölüm Makaleler Yazarlar Dilruba Kurut BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER BÖLÜMÜ 0000-0001-9092-0107 Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Nisan 2024 Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mart 2024 Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2024 Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2
Kaynak Göster APA Kurut, D. (2024). Yeni Dünya Düzeni: Çin’in Barışçıl Büyüme Hedefleri Bağlamında Ortadoğu Politikası. Uluslararası Ekonomi Siyaset İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 126-140. https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1453807
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