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#c5bead}.partatif{border-top-right-radius:2px;float:right;padding-right:15px;border-left:1px solid #e4e4e4;padding-top:6px;padding-left:16px;height:38px}.partatif.sepya{border-left:1px solid #c5bead}
ZEKÎ NECÎB MAHMÛD Skip to content (1905-1993)
Mısırlı edebiyat eleştirmeni, çevirmen, yazar ve fikir adamı.
1905 yılı Şubat başında Dimyat vilâyetinde Zerkā’nın Mît el-Havlî (el-Hûlî) Abdullah köyünde doğdu. Beş yaşında iken ailesiyle birlikte Kahire’ye, dokuz yaşında iken babasının resmî görevi dolayısıyla Sudan’ın başşehri Hartum’a gitti. Daha sonra Kahire’ye döndü ve Hartum’da başladığı orta öğrenimini tamamladı. 1930’da Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu Edebiyat Bölümü’nden mezun oldu. 1936 yılında altı ay İngiltere’de kaldı. Bir süre Kahire Koleji’nde öğretmenlik yaptı. Bu arada Kahire’deki Telif, Tercüme ve Yayın Kurulu üyeliğine getirildi. 1934’te tanıştığı Ahmed Emîn ile beraber felsefe ve edebiyat tarihi kitapları yazdı. Kendi ifadesine göre otuzlu yaşlarında Mısır’ın önde gelen fikir ve edebiyat eserlerinin tamamına yakınını okudu (Ḳıṣṣatü ʿaḳl , s. 16). 1939’da Eğitim Bakanlığı kendisine edebiyat alanında başarı ödülü verdi. 1944 yılında devlet tarafından İngiltere’ye gönderildi. Londra Üniversitesi’nde felsefe alanında hazırladığı Self Determination başlıklı doktora tezini 1947’de tamamladı. Bu dönem onun el-Manṭıḳu’l-vażʿî , Ḫurâfetü’l-mîtâfîzîḳā , Naḥve felsefetin ʿameliyye , Ḥayâtü’l-fikr fi’l-ʿâlemi’l-cedîd gibi eserlerinde ortaya koyduğu akılcı ve pozitivist düşünce eğiliminin oluşmasında belirleyici oldu (Irâkī, s. 496). Aynı yıl Mısır’a dönerek Kral Fuâd (Kahire) Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Bölümü’nde öğretim görevine başladı; akademik kariyerini bu üniversitede tamamladı. Bu sırada kendisi için -hayatı boyunca peşinden gideceği- iki temel hedef belirlediğini ifade eder: Bireyi yücelten Avrupa kültürünün ruhunu kendi dünyasına taşımak ve Arap toplumuna bilimsel tecrübenin önemini anlatıp benimsetmek (a.g.e. , s. 57). 1953’te misafir öğretim üyesi olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne gitti. Bir dönem Columbia’daki Kuzey Carolina Üniversitesi’nde, bir dönem de Washington’daki Pullman Üniversitesi’nde ders verdi. 1954-1955 yıllarında Mısır’ın Washington elçiliğinde kültür müşavirliği yaptı. 1956’da Bakanlar Kurulu’na bağlı Sanat, Edebiyat ve Sosyal Bilimleri Destekleme Yüksek Kurulu’nun felsefe ve şiir komisyonu üyeliğine seçildi. Yurt içinde ve yurt dışında birçok bilimsel toplantıya katıldı, tebliğler sundu. 1964’te Beyrut Arap Üniversitesi’nde bir dönem ders verdikten sonra ölümüne kadar sürdüreceği Kahire Üniversitesi’ndeki görevine döndü. 1965’te Kültür Bakanlığı adına el-Fikrü’l-muʿâṣır adlı bir dergi çıkarmaya başladı; üç yılı aşkın bir süre derginin yayın kurulu başkanlığını yürüttü. Küveyt Üniversitesi’nde beş yıl felsefe derslerini okuttu. Mısır’a döndüğünde el-Ehrâm yazı ailesine katılma teklifi aldı ve 1990 yılına kadar bu gazetede makaleler yazdı. 1979’da Eğitim Bilim ve Teknoloji Araştırmaları Millî Komisyonu, ertesi yıl Yüksek Kültür Kurulu üyeliğine seçildi. Felsefe, edebiyat ve sanat alanlarında üst düzeyde devlet ödülleri ve nişanları aldı. 1984’te kendisine Arap Birliği’nin “Arap Kültürü ödülü” verildi. 1991’de Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri Devleti’nin “Sultân b. Alî el-Uveys Felsefe ödülü”ne lâyık görüldü. Kahire’deki Amerikan Üniversitesi’nden fahrî doktor unvanı aldı. 8 Eylül 1993’te Kahire’de vefat etti.
Zekî Necîb Mahmûd’un ilmî ve fikrî hayatını altı evreye ayırmak mümkündür. 1930-1940 yılları arası felsefe alanında çeviriler yaptığı dönemdir. 1940-1950 arasında makaleleriyle Arap kültür yapısını akılcı ve ilerlemeci olmamakla suçlayıp eleştirmiş, bundan sonraki on yılda çoğunlukla akademik eserler yazmıştır. 1960’lı yıllarda Arap toplumunun kültürel birikimini daha yakından incelemeye çalışmış, 1970’li yıllarda Arap mirasının kaynaklarını araştırmaya ve modern dönemle ilişkisini kurmaya yoğunlaşmıştır. Nihayet hayatının son dönemindeki eserleri uzun ve yoğun çalışmaların kendisine kazandırdığı zengin birikimin ve düşünce derinliğinin ürünleri olup bu eserler, onun hem Arap ve İslâm kültür mirasını hem de modern Batı kültürünü daha derinden kavradığını ve daha sağlıklı değerlendirmeler yaptığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Fikirleri. Mantık ve Felsefe. Zekî Necîb “el-mantıku’l-vaz‘î” (pozitif mantık) adını verdiği, duyulara ve deneysel verilere dayanan yöntemi hararetle savunmuş, bu açıdan Arap dünyasının aklî, içtimaî ve dinî konulardaki zihniyet yapısını, hayat telakkisini geniş ve ağır bir eleştiriye tâbi tutmuştur. 1951’de ilk cildini yayımladığı el-Manṭıḳu’l-vażʿî adlı eserinde pozitif bilimlerin verilerine dayalı bu yöntemin dilin mantığını analiz eden, dil ile düşüncenin, dil ile realitenin bağını inceleyen, bundan dolayı da kelimeden değil cümleden yola çıkan bir felsefe olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Ona göre, Wittgenstein’le birlikte günümüzün birçok düşünürünün de kabul ettiği üzere felsefenin konusu düşüncelere mantıkî açıklık kazandırmaktır. Bu hususta yapılması gereken ilk iş, diğer ilimler gibi felsefenin de kendine özgü bir konusunun bulunduğu şeklindeki yanlış kanaatten zihinleri arındırmaktır. Aksine felsefenin özel bir konusu yoktur; onun görevi kaynağına bakmadan sözleri, ibareleri tahlil etmek, ilimlerde ve günlük hayatta geçerli fikirleri tahlilden geçirip dikkatli bir şekilde anlamlarını belirlemektir. Şu halde felsefe bilim adamlarının kullandığı, halkın günlük hayatta konuştuğu kavramların ve hükümlerin bir analizidir; Susanne Langer’in ifadesiyle felsefe anlamların bilimidir, bir ilim değil bir yöntemdir (Mevḳıf mine’l-mîtâfîzîḳā , s. 18-19). Zekî Necîb düşünceyle hayatın problemleri arasında kesin bir ilişkinin bulunması gerektiğine inanmıştır. Ona göre düşünmek bir fantezi veya oyun değildir; düşünmek insanların yaşadığı hayatla, çözmeye uğraştığı sorunlarla ilgili olduğu ölçüde anlamlı ve değerlidir. Onun önem verdiği ve hayatı boyunca uyguladığı diğer bir ilke de ele aldığı her konuya eleştirel yaklaşmasıdır. Zekî Necîb Mahmûd, tenkitçi bakışı ve analitik yöntemi gerçeğe ulaşmanın vazgeçilemez şartı kabul etmiştir (Irâkī, s. 501, 506-507).
Kültür. İngiltere’de doktorasını hazırladığı dönemden itibaren Zekî Necîb uzun bir süre Arap ve İslâm kültürünün modern uygarlık karşısında verimsiz kaldığını, Batı kültürünü benimseyip ondan yararlanmanın Arap dünyası için en önemli bir görev olduğunu savunmuştur. Ancak sonraları bu konuda yanıldığını itiraf etmiş, geldiği noktada tek kültür iddiasının bir tarafı görüp diğer tarafı ihmal eden kısır bir anlayış niteliği taşıdığı kanaatine ulaştığını, çünkü toplumun kendi kültürel mirasını yaşatmaya ihtiyacı bulunduğunu belirtmiştir (Ḳıṣṣatü ʿaḳl , s. 62). Bir kimseye Arap mirasından bahsedildiğinde hemen Câhiz, Ebü’l-Alâ el-Maarrî, İbn Sînâ, Gazzâlî, Hallâc-ı Mansûr, Muhyiddin İbnü’l-Arabî gibi isimleri hatırlar. Arap kültür mirasının çeşitli alanlardaki kaynakları incelendiğinde rasyonel düşünce ile sûfî ve şiirsel vicdanın âhenkli bir örgüsü görülür. Sonuçta araştırmacı Arap dilini diğer dillerle karşılaştırdığında bu dilin bir yandan büyük ölçüde mantıkî, diğer yandan aynı şekilde vicdanî unsurlarla yüklü olduğu kanaatine varır. Zamanla Arap dilindeki bu akıl-vicdan bütünleşmesinin zihninde daha çok netleştiğini farkeden Necîb Mahmûd, bu bütünleşmenin yeni bir Arap kültürü kurmaya imkân verecek eşsiz bir temel oluşturduğunu görür. Ona göre bu yeni kültür hem kendi asaletini koruyacak hem de yaşadığı çağla uyumlu gelişecektir (a.g.e. , s. 177). Necîb Mahmûd özellikle 1970’li yıllardan itibaren kendisini Arap düşüncesini yenileme, Arap kültür mirasıyla Batı’nın geliştirdiği çağdaş uygarlığı bağdaştırma davasına adamıştır (Ḥaṣâdü’s-sinîn , s. 18). Ayrıca toplumu çöküş ve hezimetten kurtarmak için dinî mirastan ve Arap kültüründen nasıl faydalanmak gerektiği sorusu üzerinde de durmaktadır. Açıktır ki bu hedefe sadece kültür mirasını “raflarda tutmakla” ulaşılamaz, bunun için mirasa dinamizm kazandırmak gerekir. Kültürün var olmasının anlamı, onun insanları içinde bulundukları durumdan kurtarıp yeni bir canlılık getirecek, gelecekte onları diriltecek bir hayat kaynağı teşkil etmesidir (Tecdîdü’l-fikri’l-ʿArabî , s. 83-84).
Din. Çocukluğundan itibaren hayatının sonuna kadar müslüman kalmaktan onur duyduğunu söyleyen Zekî Necîb sahih akîdenin başlıca özelliklerini ve çeşitli konulardaki büyük etkisini şöyle sıralar: İslâm bireyin özgürlüğünü imanın en başta gelen temeli sayar. Şehâdet cümlesinin ilk kelimesi bizzat ferdin sorumluluğuna işaret eder. “Eşhedü”, “ben” anlamını içeren başındaki elif harfinden itibaren dine inanmanın her bir bireye kendi vicdanının verdiği bir karar olduğunu gösterir. Aynı şekilde dininin diğer vecîbelerinin fert tarafından kabulünün temelinde de bu bireyselliği ve sorumluluğu içeren “ben”in kendi kararı vardır (Rüʾyetün İslâmiyye , s. 307). İslâm’ın temel ilkesi olan tevhid, dinî vicdanı besleyen ve aynı zamanda ümmetin birliğini kuran bir akîdedir. İlâhî zâtın birliği İslâm risâletinin birinci temelini teşkil eder. Müslümanın iman, düşünce ve bilinç yönünden Allah’ın vahdâniyyetini temsil etme seviyesi onun dindarlık derecesini ortaya koyar. Dindarlık dille vahdâniyyeti ikrar etmekten başlar, düşünceyle onun derinliğine dalmakla devam eder. Müminin akîdesi eğitimle vicdana dönüşerek ona hayatının bütün alanlarında rehberlik etmelidir. İslâm’da tevhid en derin boyutunda insanın ahlâkî hayatıyla bütünleşir; değerler dünyasını düzene koyar; özel durumlarda değerler çatıştığında tercih imkânı verecek şekilde öncelik sırası oluşturur. Necîb Mahmûd’a göre modern çağın sıkıntı ve mutsuzluklarının temelinde böyle bir tevhid-ahlâk uyuşmasının sağlanamamış olması yatar (Ḳıyemün mine’t-türâs̱ , s. 100-103). Batılılar’ın İslâm’ı tanımamasının onları İslâm hakkında kör bir taassuba, İslâm etrafında şüpheler üretmeye götürdüğünü söyleyen Necîb Mahmûd, Batılılar’ın İslâm ve müslümanlar hakkındaki bilgisizliğini gösteren ve İslâm’ın putperestlik dini olduğu saçmalığına kadar varan birçok iddia ile karşılaşmanın derin üzüntüsünü yaşadığını belirtir (Eyyâm fî Emrîkâ , s. 53-54). İslâm aşırılığı ve terörü reddeder. Bir kimsenin doğruyu kendi seçtiği mezhepte görmesinde sakınca bulunmamakla birlikte başkalarına kendi görüşünü benimsetmek için güç kullanması aşırılıktır ve İslâm bunu onaylamaz (Rüʾyetün İslâmiyye , s. 262). Necîb Mahmûd’un tasavvufla ilgili değerlendirmeleri de önemlidir. Ona göre tasavvuf bireyi dünya karşısında vasat bir noktada tutmayı hedefler; dünya hayatını ihmal eden de bütünüyle dünyaya dalan da gerçek mutasavvıf değildir. Doğru anlamıyla tasavvuf kişiyi nefsinin efendisi yapar; sosyal varlığın bireyleri arasında kardeşlik bağları kurar; düşünceyi büyük hedeflere yoğunlaştırabilmek için bedensel amaçları bir yana bırakmaya çağırır. Tasavvufun mânası hak uğruna verilen mücadeledir. Necîb Mahmûd bu anlamda kendisini de bir mutasavvıf kabul eder (Min ḫızâneti evrâḳī , s. 42-43).
Toplum Eleştirisi. Bir yazar toplumun sorunlarıyla ilgilenmelidir. İslâm toplumlarının en önemli sorunlarından biri kadın ve aileyle ilgilidir. Kadının temel görevi insan türünün devamını sağlamak, erkeğin görevi de bu hususta kadını tamamlamaktır. Toplumsal hayat bakımından kadın erkeğe göre kaynaşmaya daha çok meyilli, yalnızlığa daha az isteklidir. Yanında erkek olmayınca kendini eksik hisseder; erkeğe nisbetle duygularını daha kolay ve daha çok dışa vurur. Kadının sosyalliğe yatkın olan karakteri onu gelenekçi, değişime ve kurulu düzene karşı çıkmaya isteksiz, insanların görüşlerini onaylamaya eğilimli yapar (a.g.e. , s. 49-50, 52). Necîb Mahmûd evlenme konusunda Batı ile İslâm toplumlarını karşılaştırırken, “Bizdeki evlenmelerde sevgi yoktur; kadın da erkek de seçme yapmaz; önemli olan evde bir erkekle bir kadının bulunmasıdır” der (Eyyâm fî Emrîkâ , s. 221). Ona göre müslümanlar evlilikte içeriği değil şekli önemsemektedir. Bu hususta ailenin varlığını tehdit eden en ciddi tehlike İslâm’ın hedeflerinden habersiz olarak uygulanan boşanma ve çok eşliliktir. İslâm toplumlarının başka bir sorunu da kültürel geriliktir. Bu durum İslâm ümmetinin güçsüz düşmesine ve gerilemesine yol açmıştır. Geçmişte İslâm ümmeti her alanda gelişmiş, güçlü ve onurlu bir dünyaya sahipken hangi sebeple bugünkü duruma düştüğünü sorgulayan Necîb Mahmûd, müslümanların geçmişleriyle övünürken bugünlerini kurtaracak yenilikler üretemediklerini, hurafelerle kuşatıldıklarını, “yerinde durma kültürü”yle yetinip “hareket kültürü”nden uzaklaştıklarını belirtir (Fî Müfteriḳı’ṭ-ṭuruḳ , s. 41). İslâm toplumlarındaki eğitim durumunu da yöntem, içerik ve fizikî şartlar bakımından eleştiren Necîb Mahmûd bu konuda şu teklifleri getirir: Çağdaş yenilikleri içeren okul binaları yapılmalı, yeni nesiller geçmişleri hakkında bilinçlendirilmeli, yüksek öğretime önem verilmeli, aklı savunan, bilimi ve sanatları koruyan bir üniversite eğitimi gerçekleştirilmeli, yüksek öğretimin geliştirilmesinde toplumun gönüllü maddî destek ve katkısı sağlanmalıdır.
Siyaset. Öncelikle siyasette halkın iradesine saygı gösterilmelidir. Irk, kültür gibi herhangi bir konuda ayırım yapmaksızın insan haklarına önem verilmesi, insanların haklarına ve hürriyetlerine saygıyı geliştiren eğitim öğretim programlarının uygulanması gerekir (Min ḫızâneti evrâḳī , s. 67-68). Siyasetin bir görevi de bütün insanlık için belâ olan savaşları engellemektir (a.g.e. , s. 57). Aynı fikirleri paylaşan çok sayıda siyasî parti yerine birbirinden farklı, açık seçik ilkeler ve tezler ortaya koyan olan partiler kurmak suretiyle insanların siyasete ilgi göstermesine ve sağlıklı tercihler yapmasına imkân verilmelidir (a.g.e. , s. 63).
Eserleri. Zekî Necîb Mahmûd çok sayıda kitap, makale, ansiklopedi maddesi yazmış ve çeviriler yapmıştır; bazı eserleri şunlardır: A) Telif. Felsefe ve Mantık: Ḳıṣṣatü’l-felsefeti’l-Yûnâniyye (Kahire 1935, Ahmed Emîn ile birlikte); Ḳıṣṣatü’l-felsefeti’l-ḥadîs̱e (Kahire 1936, Ahmed Emîn ile birlikte); el-Manṭıḳu’l-vażʿî (I, Kahire 1951; II, Kahire 1961); Ḫurâfetü’l-mîtâfîzîḳā (Kahire 1953; ikinci baskısı Mevḳıf mine’l-mîtâfîzîḳā başlığını taşır, Beyrut-Kahire 1983); Naẓariyyetü’l-maʿrife (Kahire 1956); Ḥayâtü’l-fikr fi’l-ʿâlemi’l-cedîd (Kahire 1956; Beyrut 1982); Naḥve felsefetin ʿilmiyye (Kahire 1958); eş-Şarḳu’l-fennân (Kahire 1960, 1974); Câbir b. Ḥayyân (Kahire 1961); Felsefe ve fen (Kahire 1963); Tecdîdü’l-fikri’l-ʿArabî (Beyrut-Kahire 1980); el-Cebrü’ẕ-ẕâtî (müellifin 1947’de Londra Üniversitesi’nde hazırladığı Self Determination başlıklı doktora tezinin Arapça çevirisidir; trc. İmâm Abdülfettâh İmâm, Kahire 1973); Nâfiẕe ʿalâ felsefeti’l-ʿaṣr (el-ʿArabî dergisinde yayımlanan makalelerinden kitap haline getirilmiştir; Kahire 1990). Din, Kültür ve Medeniyet: Şurûḳ mine’l-ġarb (Beyrut-Kahire 1951, 1983); el-Maʿḳūl ve’l-lâ maʿḳūl fî türâs̱inâ el-fikrî (Kahire 1972); The Land and People of Egypt (Philadelphia 1972); S̱eḳāfetünâ fî müvâceheti’l-ʿaṣr (Beyrut-Kahire 1976); Efkâr ve mevâḳıf (Kahire-Beyrut 1983); Ḳıyemün mine’t-türâs̱ (Kahire-Beyrut 1984); Rüʾyetün İslâmiyye (Beyrut-Kahire 1987); Fî Taḥdîsi’s̱-s̱eḳāfeti’l-ʿArabiyye (Beyrut 1987); ʿArabiyyûn beyne’s̱-s̱eḳāfeteyn (Kahire 1990); Ḥaṣâdü’s-sinîn (Kahire-Beyrut 1991, 1992); Fî Müfteriḳı’ṭ-ṭuruḳ (Beyrut-Kahire 1993); İslâmiyyât: Fî Mefhûmi’l-ḳıyâde (Beyrut 1993); Min ḫızâneti evrâḳī (Kahire 1996). Edebiyat: Şeksbîr (Kahire 1943); Ḳıṣṣatü’l-edeb fi’l-ʿâlem (Ahmed Emîn ile birlikte; birinci kitap: Fi’l-Edebi’l-ḳadîm ve edebi’l-ʿuṣûri’l-vüsṭâ , Kahire 1943; ikinci kitap: Fi’l-Edebi’l-ḥadîs̱ , Kahire 1945; üçüncü kitap: Fi’l-Edebi’l-ġarbî ve’ş-şarḳī fi’l-ḳarni’t-tâsiʿ ʿaşer , Kahire 1948); Cennetü’l-ʿabîṭ (Kahire 1947, 1951, 1982); Arżü’l-aḥlâm (müellife Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın Edebiyat Başarı ödülünü kazandıran eserdir; Kahire 1949, 1952); es̱-S̱evre ʿale’l-ebvâb (Kahire 1955; ikinci baskısı el-Kûmîdiya el-ʿarżıyye başlığını taşır; Beyrut-Kahire 1983, 1989); Eyyâm fî Emrîkâ (Kahire 1955); Ḳıṣâṣât mine’z-zücâc (Kahire 1947, 1974); Ḳuṣûr ve lübâb (Kahire 1957); Ḳıṣṣatü nefs (Beyrut-Kahire 1965, 1983); Vichetü naẓar (Kahire 1967); Maʿa’ş-şuʿarâʾ (Beyrut-Kahire 1976); Ḳıṣṣatü ʿaḳl (Beyrut-Kahire 1983); Büzûr ve cüzûr (Kahire 1990). B) Tercüme: Eflâtun, Apologia , Euthydemos , Kriton ve Phaidon diyalogları (Kahire 1936); H. B. Charlton, Fünûnü’l-edeb (Kahire 1938, 1945); Victor Andreevich Kravchenko, Âs̱ertü’l-ḥürriyye (Kahire 1367/1948); Will Durant, Ḳıṣṣatü’l-ḥaḍâra (Kahire 1950, 1968); Bertrand Russell, Târîḫu’l-felsefeti’l-Ġarbiyye (birinci kitap, Kahire 1954; ikinci kitap, Kahire 1955) ve el-Felsefe bi-nażratin ʿameliyye (Kahire 1958); John Dewey, el-Manṭıḳ: Naẓariyyetü’l-baḥs̱ (Kahire 1959).
Hakkında Yazılanlar. 1. Âtıf Ahmed, Naḳdü’l-ʿaḳli’l-vażʿî . Necîb Mahmûd’un düşüncesindeki yöntem sıkıntısını inceleyen bir çalışmadır (Beyrut 1980). 2. Necvâ Hamûde, Teʾs̱îrü’l-vażʿiyye el-manṭıḳıyye ʿale’l-fikri’l-ʿArabî el-ḥadîs̱ . Sorbonne Üniversitesi’nde hazırlanmış doktora tezidir (Paris 1989). 3. Abdülbâsıt Seydâ, el-Vażʿiyyetü’l-manṭıḳıyye ve’t-türâs̱i’l-ʿArabî: Nümûzecü fikri Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd el-Felsefiyye (Beyrut 1990). 4. Necvâ Ömer, el-Cevânibü’l-edebiyye fî kitâbâti Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (yüksek lisans tezi, 1991, Aynişems Üniversitesi Arap Dili Bölümü). 5. Fevziye Îd Mercî, el-ʿAḳlü ve vaẓîfetühû fî fikri Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (yüksek lisans tezi, 1991, Beyrut Saint Joseph Üniversitesi Edebiyat ve İnsan Bilimleri Fakültesi). 6. Abdülkādir Mahmûd, Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd: Feylesûfü’l-üdebâʾ ve edîbü’l-felâsife (Kahire 1993). 7. Ahmed Osman, Ṭarîḳunâ ile’l-ḥürriyye . Zekî Necîb Mahmûd ile hürriyet konusunda yapılan bir mülâkatı içerir (Kahire 1994). 8. Nûrân Muhammed Fethî el-Cezîrî, Es̱erü’l-itticâhi’t-taḥlîlî fî fikri Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (doktora tezi, 1995, Kahire Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi). 9. Margot Schellfold, Authentisch arabisch und dennoch modern? Zakī Nağīb Mahmūds kulturtheoretische (Berlin 1996). 10. Fâtıma İsmâil, el-Menhecü’l-felsefî ʿinde Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (Kahire 1999). 11. Necâh Muhsin, el-Fikrü’l-ḳavmi ʿinde Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (Kahire 1999). 12. İmâm Abdülfettâh İmâm, Riḥle fî fikri Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd (Kahire 2001). Ayrıca çeşitli dergi ve gazetelerde Necîb Mahmûd’un görüşleriyle ilgili çok sayıda yazı yayımlanmıştır.
BİBLİYOGRAFYA
Zekî Necîb Mahmûd, Eyyâm fî Emrîkâ , Kahire 1955, s. 53-54, 221.
a.mlf., Ḳıṣṣatü nefs , Kahire 1965.
a.mlf., Tecdîdü’l-fikri’l-ʿArabî , Beyrut-Kahire 1980, s. 83-84.
a.mlf., Ḳıṣṣatü ʿaḳl , Beyrut-Kahire 1983, s. 16, 57, 62, 177.
a.mlf., Mevḳıf mine’l-mîtâfîzîḳā , Beyrut-Kahire 1983, s. 18-19.
a.mlf., Ḳıyemün mine’t-türâs̱ , Beyrut-Kahire 1984, s. 100-103.
a.mlf., Rüʾyetün İslâmiyye , Beyrut-Kahire 1987, s. 262, 307.
a.mlf., Ḥaṣâdü’s-sinîn , Beyrut-Kahire 1991, s. 18.
a.mlf., Fî Müfteriḳı’ṭ-ṭuruḳ , Beyrut-Kahire 1993, s. 41.
a.mlf., Min ḫızâneti evrâḳī , Kahire 1996, s. 42-43, 49-50, 52, 57, 63, 67-68.
Saîd Murâd, Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd: Ârâʾ ve efkâr , Kahire 1994.
Münâ Ahmed Ebû Zeyd, el-Fikrü’d-dînî ʿinde Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd , Beyrut 1416/1996.
Aʿlâmü’l-edebi’l-Arabiyyi’l-muʿâṣır (nşr. Robert B. Campbell), Beyrut 1996, II, 1188-1191.
Âtıf el-Irâkī, el-ʿAḳl ve’t-tenvîr fi’l-fikri’l-ʿArabiyyi’l-muʿâṣır , Kahire 1998, s. 493-520.
Ahmed el-Alâvine, Ẕeylü’l-Aʿlâm , Cidde 1418/1998, s. 88.
Nizâr Abâza – M. Riyâz el-Mâlih, İtmâmü’l-Aʿlâm , Beyrut 1999, s. 102.
Şeltâğ Abûd, “Zekî Necîb Maḥmûd-Edîben”, Mecelletü Külliyyeti’d-daʿveti’l-İslâmiyye , XIII, Trablus 1996, s. 326-343.
İzzet es-Seyyid Ahmed, “Maḥmûd (Zekî Necîb)”, el-Mevsûʿatü’l-ʿArabiyye , Dımaşk 2007, XVIII, 110-112.
Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2013 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 44. cildinde, 218-220 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.