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ŞÂBÂNİYYE Skip to content ŞÂBÂNİYYE Halvetiyye tarikatının Şâbân-ı Velî’ye (ö. 976/1569) nisbet edilen kolu.
Müellif: Mustafa Tatcı
Halvetiyye tarikatının dört ana kolundan (Cemâliyye, Ahmediyye, Rûşeniyye, Şemsiyye) Cemâliyye’nin bir şubesidir. II. Bayezid devrinde İstanbul’a gelip kendisine tahsis edilen Kocamustafapaşa Dergâhı’nda irşad faaliyetine başlayan Cemâl-i Halvetî tarafından kurulan Cemâliyye, Sünbüliyye ve Şâbâniyye adlı iki büyük kola ayrılmıştır. Cemâl-i Halvetî’nin halifelerinden Sünbül Sinan’a nisbet edilen Sünbüliyye, İstanbul merkezli bir tarikat olma özelliği taşırken seyrüsülûkünü Bolu’da Cemâl-i Halvetî’nin diğer halifesi Hayreddin Tokadî’nin yanında tamamlayan Şâbân-ı Velî memleketi Kastamonu’da faaliyet göstermiş, Şâbâniyye tarikatı, XVI. yüzyılda çevre illerde yayıldıktan sonra XVII. yüzyılda İstanbul’da temsil edilmeye başlanmıştır. Şâbâniyye bu yüzyıldan itibaren Anadolu ve Balkanlar’dan Suriye, Hicaz, Mısır, Kuzey Afrika ve Hindistan’a kadar geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır.
Şâbâniyye’nin silsilesi Şâbân-ı Velî, Hayreddin Tokadî, Cemâl-i Halvetî, Pîr Muhammed Bahâeddin Erzincânî vasıtasıyla Halvetiyye tarikatının ikinci pîri Seyyid Yahyâ-yı Şirvânî’ye (ö. 868/1464) ulaşır. Çok sayıda halife yetiştiren Şâbân-ı Velî, bazı halifelerini irşad göreviyle çevre illere göndererek tarikatın kuruluş sürecini başlatmıştır. Nitekim kendisinden sonra sırasıyla makamına geçen Kastamonulu Osman Efendi’yi (ö. 976/1569) Tokat’a, Hayreddin Efendi’yi Amasya’ya, İskilipli Abdülbâki Efendi’yi Çorum’a, Muhyiddin Efendi’yi Şam’a yollamıştır. Halifelerinden Muharrem Efendi’nin İstanbul’da Süleymaniye Camii vâizi olduğu bilinmektedir. Gelibolulu Âlî Mustafa Efendi, Şâbân-ı Velî’nin Mehmed Dâğî adlı bir dervişi irşad için Alâeddin Efendi adlı bir halifesini Gelibolu’ya gönderdiğini, Alâeddin Efendi, Mehmed Dâğî seyrüsülûkünü tamamlamadan vefat edince Şâbân-ı Velî’nin ona seyrüsülûkünü mânen tamamlattığını anlatır. Bu bilgilerden, Şâbân-ı Velî’nin sağlığında Şâbânî halifelerinin Şam, İstanbul ve Gelibolu’da faaliyet gösterdikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Şâbân-ı Velî’nin Kastamonu’daki merkez tekkede görev yapan ilk dört şeyh döneminde halifelerin faaliyet alanı Kastamonu çevresiyle sınırlı kalmıştır. Merkez tekkenin dördüncü şeyhi Muhyiddin Efendi’nin yanında seyrüsülûkünü tamamlayan ve ondan sonra yerine geçip otuz iki yıl şeyhlik makamında bulunan Ömer Fuâdî, Şâbân-ı Velî hakkında bir menâkıbnâme kaleme almış, devlet ricâliyle temas kurarak türbesinin yapımına öncülük etmiş, yetiştirdiği halifeler ve tarikata dair yazdığı eserlerle Şâbâniyye’nin müstakil bir tarikat halinde gelişmesi yolunda önemli hizmetler yapmıştır. Şâbâniyye’nin gelişip yayılması ve kurumsallaşması Karabaş Velî döneminde gerçekleşmiştir. Önce Ömer Fuâdî’nin halifesi İsmâil Kudsî Çorumî’ye, onun ölümü üzerine oğlu ve halifesi Mustafa Muslihuddin Efendi’ye intisap edip hilâfet alan Karabaş Velî’nin 1081’de (1670) İstanbul’a giderek bir Halvetî dergâhı olan Üsküdar’daki Atik Vâlide Sultan Dergâhı’nda şeyh olmasıyla birlikte Şâbâniyye İstanbul’da temsil edilmeye başlanmıştır. Limni’ye sürgüne gönderildiği 1090 (1679) yılına kadar İstanbul’da irşad faaliyetinde bulunan Karabaş Velî, Şâbâniyye’nin ikinci pîri sayılır ve kendisine tarikatın Karabaşiyye kolu nisbet edilir. Karabaş Velî’nin İstanbul’a gelip tarikatı yayması ve pîr kabul edilmesinin ardından tarikatın merkezi ve “zat postu” İstanbul’a intikal etmiştir.
Mehmed Nasûhî, Ünsî Hasan, Mustafa Fânî, Kerestecizâde Mehmed Ledünnî, Ömer Ârifî ile oğlu Mustafa Mânevî, 685 halife yetiştirdiği kaydedilen Karabaş Velî’nin İstanbul’da tarikatın yayılmasını sağlayan başlıca halifeleridir. Bunlardan, 1099 (1688) yılında Üsküdar Doğancılar’da açtığı, kendi adıyla anılan tekkede irşad faaliyetine başlayan Mehmed Nasûhî, Şâbâniyye-Karabaşiyye’nin Nasûhiyye kolunun pîridir. Nasûhî Dergâhı, Şâbâniyye’nin İstanbul’daki âsitânesi olmuş ve önemli bir tasavvuf ve kültür merkezi özelliğini tekkelerin kapatıldığı tarihe kadar sürdürmüştür. Tekkenin meşihatı Nasûhî soyundan gelen Alâeddin Ali, Mehmed Fazlullah, Abdurrahman Mehmed Şemseddin, Mehmed Muhyiddin, Mehmed Kerâmeddin Efendi (ö. 1934) tarafından yürütülmüştür. Ünsî Hasan Efendi, Sirkeci’deki Aydınoğlu Tekkesi’nde 1095 (1683) yılından ölümüne kadar (1136/1723) şeyhlik görevinde bulunmuş, ölümünün ardından halifesi Mehmed Galib Efendi şeyh olmuştur. Karabaş Velî’nin diğer halifesi Mustafa Fânî Efendi (ö. 1122/1710) Maçka Tekkesi’nin kurucusudur. Bu tekke daha sonra Nasûhiyye’ye bağlanmıştır. Kerestecizâde Mehmed Ledünnî Efendi Kasımpaşa’daki Saçlı Emîr Tekkesi’nde Şâbâniyye’yi temsil etmiştir. Karabaş Velî’nin oğlu Mustafa Mânevî, Kadırga’daki Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Külliyesi’nde şeyhlik yapmıştır.
Karabaş Velî’den en son hilâfet alan kişi, aslen Edirneli olup Bolevî, Mısrî, Doğanî nisbeleriyle anılan Mustafa Efendi’dir (ö. 1129/1717). Doğancılar Ocağı’na girip doğancıbaşılığa yükselen, bu görevdeyken Karabaş Velî’ye intisap eden, Şam’da kul kethüdâsı iken bu görevden ayrılarak Mekke’ye gidip şeyhine hizmet eden, şeyhi vefat ederken Kahire’de bulunan Doğanî Mustafa Efendi’nin Suriye, Mısır ve diğer Afrika ülkelerinde tarikatın yayılmasında önemli hizmetleri olmuştur. Halifesi Abdüllatîf b. Hüsâmeddin el-Halebî, Şâbâniyye-Karabaşiyye’nin Bekriyye kolunun kurucusu Kutbüddin Mustafa Kemâleddin el-Bekrî’nin mürşididir. Kutbüddin el-Bekrî ve yetiştirdiği halifeler tarikatın Halep, Şam, Kudüs, Hicaz, Yemen, Mısır, Trablus, Cezayir ve Fas’ta yayılmasını sağlamıştır. Kutbüddin el-Bekrî’nin müntesiplerinin 100.000’i aştığı kaydedilmektedir. Paul Andre, Trimingham, B. G. Martin gibi Batılı araştırmacılar Kutbüddin el-Bekrî’nin Mısır’da Halvetiyye’yi yeniden canlandırdığını söylemiştir. Bekriyye tarikatı şeyhinin Mısır’da 1976 yılına kadar kanun gereği Meşâyihu’t-turuki’s-sûfiyye’nin reisi olması tarikatın Mısır’daki etkinliğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir.
Şâbâniyye-Bekriyye, Kutbüddin Mustafa el-Bekrî’den sonra Hifniyye (kurucusu: Muhammed b. Sâlim el-Hifnî, ö. 1181/1767), Semmâniyye (kurucusu: Muhammed b. Abdülkerîm es-Semmân, ö. 1189/1776) ve Kemâliyye (kurucusu: Ebü’l-Fütûh Muhammed b. Mustafa el-Bekrî, ö. 1199/1784) adlı üç kola ayrılmıştır. Hifniyye’den Derdîriyye (kurucusu: Ahmed b. Muhammed ed-Derdîr), Ticâniyye (kurucusu: Seyyid Ahmed et-Ticânî), Rahmâniyye (kurucusu: Muhammed b. Abdurrahman el-Gaştûlî), Ezheriyye (kurucusu: Ebû Abdullah Muhammed b. Abdurrahman ez-Zevâvî el-Ezherî) kolları meydana gelmiştir. Semmâniyye’den Tayyibiyye (kurucusu: Ahmed et-Tayyib b. Beşîr) ve Feyziyye (kurucusu: Seyyid Feyzüddin Hüseyin el-Mısrî) kolları, Derdîriyye’den Sâviyye (kurucusu: Ahmed b. Muhammed es-Sâvî), Sibâiyye (kurucusu: Sâlih es-Sibâî) ve Vefâiyye (kurucusu: Nûreddin Ali b. Abdülber el-Vefâî) kolları doğmuştur. Harîrîzâde, Şâbâniyye-Karabaşiyye’nin Nasûhiyye ve Bekriyye adlı iki ana kolunun yanı sıra Karabaş Velî’nin halifelerinden Ömer Ârifî el-İstanbûlî’ye Ârifiyye, bir diğer halifesi şeyh Hüseyin Kastamonî’ye Hüseyniyye şubelerini nisbet eder. Halvetî şubelerinden Sinâniyye’den de hilâfeti olduğu için Şehremini’deki Sinânî dergâhında şeyhlik yapan, XVII. yüzyılın tanınmış Şâbânî şeyhlerinden şair ve bestekâr Mustafa Zekâi Efendi’nin silsilesi bu iki kola ulaşmaktadır.
Şâbâniyye’yi XVIII. yüzyılda İstanbul, Anadolu ve Balkanlar’da temsil eden Nasûhiyye kolundan, bu yüzyılın sonlarına doğru doğduğu Kastamonu civarında Çerkeş’te Çerkeşî Mustafa Efendi’ye nisbet edilen bir kol zuhur etmiş, bu kol XIX ve XX. yüzyıllar boyunca etkili olmuştur. Şâbâniyye mensuplarınca pîr-i sânî kabul edilen Çerkeşî Mustafa Efendi’nin tarikat silsilesi Zoralı Şeyh Mehmed Efendi, Mudurnulu Abdullah Rüşdü vasıtasıyla Nasûhiyye’nin pîri Mehmed Nasûhî’ye ulaşır. On bir veya on üç halife yetiştirdiği kaydedilen Çerkeşî Mustafa Efendi’nin Beypazarlı Ali Efendi ve Semerci Şeyh diye tanınan İbrâhim Efendi adlı iki halifesi İstanbul’a gidip irşad faaliyetinde bulunmuş, Beypazarlı Ali Efendi, Fındıkzade’deki Beşikçizâde Dergâhı’nda, Semerci Şeyh İbrâhim Efendi, Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Dergâhı’nda şeyhlik yapmıştır. Çerkeşiyye, Mustafa Çerkeşî Efendi’nin halifelerinden Geredeli Halil Efendi’ye nisbet edilen Halîliyye, Beypazarlı Ali Efendi’den hilâfet alan Kuşadalı İbrâhim Efendi’ye nisbet edilen İbrâhimiyye (Kuşadaviyye) adlı iki kola ayrılmış, Halîliyye daha çok Anadolu’da, İbrâhimiyye İstanbul’da faaliyet göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte Halil Efendi’nin Ömer Fuâdî, Mustafa Hulûsî gibi bazı halifeleri İstanbul’a gidip irşad faaliyetinde bulunmuş, Ömer Fuâdî, Sofular’daki Ekmel Dergâhı’nda, Mustafa Hulûsî, Sokullu Mehmed Paşa Dergâhı’nda şeyhlik yapmıştır. Geredeli Hacı Halil Efendi’nin silsilesi Kütahyalı Sâlih, Söğütlü Hacı Osman, Çaltılı İsmâil Hakkı, Eskişehirli Sâdık, Uşaklı Yamalızâde Hacı Ali Rızâ ve Yakup Baba lakaplı Uşaklı Mustafa (Özyürek, ö. 1973) efendiler vasıtasıyla devam etmiştir. Çerkeşî Mustafa Efendi’nin halifelerinden Ankaralı Tiritzâde Hüseyin Efendi ile devam eden silsilesi de günümüze ulaşmıştır. Kuşadalı İbrâhim Efendi tekke, taç, hırka, hilâfet gibi geleneksel tasavvufî uygulamaları reddeden görüşleriyle tasavvuf tarihinde çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Müridlerine hilâfet vermeyip “sırr-ı hilâfet” kimde tecelli ederse ona tâbi olmalarını tavsiye eden Kuşadalı’nın ardından silsilesi Mehmed Tevfik Bosnevî, Fâtih türbedarı Ahmed Amiş, Kayserili Mehmed Tevfik, Maraşlı Ahmed Tâhir, Mucurlu Mustafa Efendi ile (Özeren, ö. 1982) son döneme kadar gelmiştir. Babanzâde Ahmed Naim, Abdülaziz Mecdi Tolun, Mehmed Ali Yitik, Osman Nuri Ergin, Ahmet Avni Konuk, Süheyl Ünver ve Fethi Gemuhluoğlu bu silsileden feyiz almış önemli şahsiyetlerdir. Üsküdar Nalçacı Dergâhı şeyhi Mustafa Enverî, Kâşgar emîrinin kardeşi Yâkub Han, Hacı Kâmil Efendi ve Seyyid Mahmud Celâleddin Efendi’yi Mehmed Tevfik Bosnevî’nin diğer mensupları arasında zikretmek gerekir. Bunlardan Fuṣûṣ şarihi Yâkub Han, Şâbâniyye’yi Hindistan’da yaymak için çalışmıştır.
Şâbâniyye tarikatına intisap etmek isteyen talibi mürşid ya doğrudan kabul eder veya önce istihâre yapmasını ister. Biatın ardından mürid günlük virdine ve halvette tevhide devam eder. Şâbâniyye’nin günlük virdinde istiğfar, salavat ve kelime-i tevhid zikri esas alınmıştır. Mürid ayrıca zikre sayısız olarak devam eder. Bu uygulamalarda dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli husus râbıtadır. Râbıta ve devamlı zikir sâlikin vecde ermesini, vâkıalarının ve hallerinin değişip mânevî makamları aşmasını sağlar. Sâlik müşahede (rüyet) makamına ulaşıncaya kadar zikirle meşgul olur. Bu makama ulaştığında dil zikri gönül zikrine dönüşür. Şâbâniyye’de sâlikin sülûkünün amacı vahdet-i vücûda ulaşmaktır. Bunun için mürid aşk, cezbe ve melâmet yoluyla Hakk’ın birliğini (tevhid) idrak etmeye çalışır. Bu idrak tevhîd-i ef‘âl, tevhîd-i sıfât, tevhîd-i zât denilen üç makamı, yedi nefis merhalesini (emmâre, levvâme, mülhime, mutmainne, râziyye, marziyye, kâmile) ve yedi esmâyı (lâ ilâhe illallah, Allah, hû, hak, hay, kayyûm, kahhâr) seyrederek gerçekleşir. Sülûk sırasında yaşanan tevhid makamları İslâm, iman ve ihsan makamlarıyla da açıklanır. Buna göre derviş seyrüsülûkün ilk mertebesinde İslâm, ruhanî hükümlerinin hâkim olduğu seyrüsülûkün ortasında iman, hakkaniyetin belirtileri zuhur ettiği son mertebede ihsan makamındadır. Bu üç makamın her birinde sâlikin geçmesi gereken ikişer mertebe vardır. Sadr ve kalp mertebelerini içeren İslâm makamında sâlik kelime-i tevhid ve ism-i celâlin (Allah) dairesindedir. Bu makamda tevhîd-i ef‘âl gerçekleşir. İman makamının ilk mertebesi olan ruh mertebesinde hû ismi, ikincisi olan sır mertebesinde Hak ismi dairesindedir. Bu makamda tevhîd-i sıfât gerçekleşir. İhsan makamının ilk mertebesi sırr-ı hafî, ikincisi sırr-ı ahfâ mertebesi olup sâlik hay ve kayyûm ismi dairesindedir. Bu makamda tevhîd-i zât gerçekleşir. Sâlikin ulaşacağı yedinci makam “makām-ı hafâ-yı mutlak”tır. Bu makamdaki sâlik kahhar ismi dairesinde olup vuslata ermiş, fenâfillâh olmuştur. Mânevî yolculuğun sonu olan bu makama vahdet veya mutlak hafâ mertebesi de denilir. Sâlik bu yedi mertebeyi aşıp sâfiye makamına gelmedikçe nefsini bilip kâmil olamaz. Bu makamları yaşarken gönül âleminde hazerât-ı hamse kendisine keşfolunur, bütün kayıtlardan kurtulup Hakk’ı müşahede eder. Bundan sonra seyir yine devam eder ve sülûk-i sânî denen bu yolculuğa nihayet yoktur. Şâbâniyye tarikatında halvet üç, beş veya yedi gündür. Dervişi halvete tarikat âdâbı üzere şeyh koyup çıkarabilir. Dervişin kendi kendine halvete girmesi yararsızdır ve kendisine perde olur. Erbaîn sadece şeyhler içindir. Şeyh olanlar halvete ve erbaîne pîrlerinin ruhaniyetinden yardım istemek için girerler.
Şâbâniyye tarikatında cehrî zikir esas olmakla birlikte kısmen hafî zikir de uygulanmaktadır. Zikir esnasında ilâhiler eşliğinde ney, kudüm, def gibi mûsiki aletleri kullanılabilir. Toplu zikirler kuûdî olarak başlar, kıyâmî ve cehrî olarak devam eder. “Darb-ı esmâ” denilen kuûdî zikir özel bir ritim ve hareket içinde icra edilir. Şeyhin ellerini yere vurmasıyla kuûdî zikirden kıyâmî zikre kalkılır. Kıyâmî zikir “ayak esmâsı” ve dönerek yapıldığı için “devran” diye de adlandırılmaktadır. Bu sebeple Halvetî Şâbânîler’e “Devrânîler” adı da verilmektedir. Nitekim toplu zikir sırasında okunan bazı ilâhilerde, “Halvetîler derler bize / Devranîler derler bize” şeklindeki nakaratlar tarikatın devrânî oluşundandır. Şâbâniyye’de toplu zikir genellikle perşembeyi cumaya ve pazarı pazartesiye bağlayan gecelerde yapılır. Bunun dışında kandillerde ve bilhassa muharrem ayında aşure gecesinde meclis ihya edilir. Bu arada ilâhiler ve Kerbelâ mersiyeleri okunur. Ömer Fuâdî’nin, “Şah Hüseyin’in firkatine ağlayan gelsin bize / Âh ü vâh edip demâdem ağlayan gelsin bize” matlaıyla başlayan muharremiyyesinin bu ihya merasiminde özel bir yeri vardır. Toplu zikrin uygulanması kısaca şöyledir: Dervişler önce halka olarak iki diz üzerine otururlar. Şeyh efendi, eûzü besmele ve Fâtiha sûresinden sonra “innallāhe ve melâiketehû yusallûne ale’n-nebiyy yâ eyyühellezîne âmenû sallû aleyhi ve sellimû teslîmâ” âyetini okur ve salât-ı ümmiyye denilen, “Allāhümme salli alâ seyyidinâ Muhammedin abdike ve nebiyyike ve habîbike ve resûlike’n-nebiyyi’l-ümmiyyi ve alâ âlihî ve sahbihî ve sellim” şeklindeki salâtüselâm ile devam eder. Salât-ı ümmiyye yedi veya Nasûhî Efendi’nin uygulamasında görüldüğü gibi on bir defa okunur. Ardından şeyh yüksek sesle “fa‘lem ennehû lâ ilâhe illallah” diyerek (Muhammed 47/19) kelime-i tevhid zikrini başlatır. Kelime-i tevhid üç defa gayet ağır eda ile okunur. Daha sonra yüksek sesle Allah ismi âdeta sayha halinde tekrarlanır, ardından eskisinden biraz daha süratli olarak dört defa kelime-i tevhid, daha sonra 300 defa hızlı bir şekilde yine kelime-i tevhid okunur. Ardından şeyh efendi “illallah” der, bunun üzerine sükûnet hâsıl olur. Halkanın baş tarafında ve şeyh efendinin solunda oturan zâkir cumhur veya durak denilen bir ilâhi okur. İlâhi veya durak bitince şeyh efendi “Allah hû” diye “hû” ismine başlar ve altı defa hep beraber bu isim zikredilir, yedinci hû daha hızlı ve yüksek sesle söylenir. Bundan sonra “hizb-i esmâ”ya başlanır. Hizb-i esmâ, halakada bulunanların esmâ-yi seb‘adaki dereceleri ayrı olduğundan âhengin korunması için herkesin kendi esmâsını kalben çekerken “hû” ismini sesli olarak okumaları suretiyle oluşturulan âhenktir. Bu sırada duyulan tek ses hançereden çıkan hû zikridir. Yine bu esnada zâkirler ilâhi, na‘t-ı şerif ve kasideler okur. Hizb-i esmâyı takiben bir aşr-ı şerif tilâvet edilir ve kısa bir duadan sonra şeyh efendi, “es-Salâtü ve’s-selâmü aleyke yâ Resûlellah es-salâtü ve’s-selâmü aleyke yâ habîballah es-salâtü ve’s-selâmü aleyke yâ seyyide’l-evvelîne ve’l-âhirîn ve selâmün ale’l-mürselîn ve’l-hamdü li’llâhi rabbi’l-âlemîn” der ve Fâtiha çeker. Devran yapılacaksa kelime-i tevhid çekildikten ve cumhur ilâhisi okunduktan sonra, “hû” ism-i şerifi çekilerek devrana başlanır. Halakadakiler sağdan sola zâkirler tarafından okunan ilâhilerin âhengine uyarak devrana devam ederler. Devran sırasında sol kol soldaki kişinin omuzuna atılır, sağ kol da sağdaki kişinin beli hizasına temas ederek halaka sıklaştırılır. Devran halinde hizb-i esmâya devam edilir. Devran şeyhin işaretiyle “illallah” denilerek durulur ve tekrar iki diz üstüne oturulur. Bir aşr-ı şerif, kısa bir dua ve salâtüselâmdan sonra salavat çekilir. Şeyh efendi tarafından “tekabbelallāh hû” denilerek âyin tamamlanır.
Halvetî-Şâbânî mürşid ve halifeleri bilhassa özel günlerde siyah renkli taç ve hırka giyerler. Şâbâniyye mensuplarının giydiği üç çeşit hırka vardır. Takvâ hırkası ve irfan hırkası sâlike, iradet hırkası mürşid-i kâmile aittir. Takvâ hırkası sâlike tecellî-i ef‘âl, irfan hırkası tecellî-i sıfât, iradet veya hakikat hırkası tecellî-i zâtî makamına ulaştığında giydirilir. Hilâfet ve irşad sahiplerinin giydiği bu hırkanın rengi siyahtır. Şâbâniyye’de dört çeşit taç vardır. Yol tacının sarığı ve tepesi yeşil olup risâlesi bunlara göre daha açık yeşildir. Üçüncü esmâya (hû) gelen sâlike giydirilir. Velâyet tacının sarığı yeşil veya beyaz, tepesi beyazdır. Dördüncü esmâya (Hak) gelen sâlike giydirilir. Hilâfet (irşad) tacının tepesi ve sarığı beyaz, risâlesi siyahtır. Esmâ-i seb‘ayı tamamlamış olan müntehî sâliklere giydirilir. Mürşid tacının tepesi beyaz, sarığı siyah, risâlesi beyazdır. Ortasında bir düğme vardır. Velâyete ve irşad sırrına ulaşan mürşidlere mahsus olup insân-ı kâmili remzeder (Şâbânî taçları ve bunların özellikleri için bk. Yahyâ b. Sâlih el-İslâmbolî, s. 100-106). Şâbâniyye tarikatında mürşid postu beyaz veya siyah olduğu gibi mor renge boyanabilir. Mor renk bütün renklerin karışımı olup zâhir ve bâtın bütün varlıkların toplam rengidir.
Şâbâniyye’de vakit namazlarında okunan virdler dışında her sâlikin uygulaması gereken günlük vird 100 “estağfirullah”, 100 salavat ve 300 kelime-i tevhidden ibarettir. Bunun yanında sâlik yedi esmâdan hangisine yükseldiyse bu ismi önceki esmâlarına ilâve ederek ders yapar. Yahyâ-yı Şirvânî tarafından tanzim edilen vird-i settâr diğer bütün Halvetî kollarında olduğu gibi sabah namazından sonra güneş doğuncaya kadar okunur. Şâbânî mürşidleri virdle ilgili ana erkânı korumakla birlikte gördükleri lüzum üzerine sâliklerine ilâve bazı virdler de verebilirler. Ancak bunlar umumileşmemiş ve geçici olarak verilmiş olup bir müddet sonra bırakılır. Kutbüddin Mustafa el-Bekrî’nin vird-i settârın önünde okuttuğu vird-i seher buna örnek teşkil eder.
Yahyâ-yı Şirvânî’den beri uygulanagelen Halvetiyye âdâbı bazı ilâvelerle Şâbân-ı Velî’ye intikal etmiştir (Ömer Fuâdî, s. 32-33, 49). Ömer Fuâdî, Şâbân-ı Velî’nin, “Gerçek tâlip iseniz bu tarikatnâme ile amelde ve vird-i şerifte ve halvetlerde ikdam ve mücahede edip bir nokta kadar amel etmeyesiz ziyade ve bir nokta kadar eksik amel etmeyesiz. Zira tarikimizde okunan vird ve sürülen erkân sultân-ı evliyâ Seyyid Yahyâ hazretlerinin huzûr-ı şeriflerinde okunan vird ve sürülen erkândır ve onun huzurunda olan levh-i mahfûza yazılandır” dediğini söyler (a.g.e., s. 49). Şâbân-ı Velî’nin yazdırdığı tarikatnâme (mi‘yâr) Arapça olup Ömer Fuâdî tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilmiştir (Tercüme-i Mi‘yâr-ı Tarîkat, Millî Ktp., nr. A-951, vr. 140b -144b ). Karabaş Velî Mi‘yâr-ı Tarîkat’ı sohbetlerinde şerhetmiş ve bu şerh Arapça olarak kaydedilmiştir. Karabaş Velî’nin arzusuyla halifelerinden Şeyh Nûreddin Efendi tarafından genişletilerek Türkçe’ye tercüme edilen eser iki defa yayımlanmıştır (Karabaş Velî, Mi‘yâr-ı Tarîkat, nşr. Mustafa Tatcı – Cemal Kurnaz, Ankara 2001; Kara, Karabaş-ı Velî, s. 627-674). Şâbâniyye’nin âdâb ve erkânı, seyrüsülûk usulü bu eserin yanı sıra Karabaş Velî’nin Tarîkatnâme (a.g.e., s. 703-745), Ünsî Hasan’ın Kelâm-ı Azîz (haz. M. Tatcı – C. Kurnaz, Tasavvufî İncelikler, İstanbul 2001), Kutbüddin el-Bekrî’nin Hediyyetü’l-ahbâb (Harîrîzâde, Tibyân, II, içinde, I, vr. 360a -373b ) ve diğer eserlerinde, Safranbolulu Mehmed Emin’in Mir’âtü’l-âşıkīn’ında (haz. M. Tatcı – M. Yıldız, Ankara 2003) geniş biçimde anlatılmıştır. Yukarıda anlatılan âdâb ve erkânın Kuşadalı kolu dışındaki diğer Şâbâniyye kolları için geçerli olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Kuşadalı kolundan Ahmed Amiş Efendi yoluna mensup olanlar ise vird olarak Rahmân sûresinin tamamını, Bakara, Tevbe, Enbiyâ, Nûr, Şûrâ, Vâkıa ve Haşr sûrelerinin bazı âyetlerini, İhlâs ve Fâtiha sûrelerini okurlar.
Şâbâniyye meşâyihi mensupları ve muhipleri arasında çok sayıda âlim, ârif, divan sahibi şair ve mûsikişinas yetişmiştir. Karabaş Velî, Kutbüddin Mustafa el-Bekrî ve halifeleri, Mehmed Nasûhî, Çerkeşî Mustafa Efendi ve Kuşadalı İbrâhim Efendi aynı zamanda ilmî kişilikleriyle tanınmıştır. Şeyhülislâm Ârif Hikmet ve Mehmed Sâdeddin Efendi, Hacı Mehmed Zihni, Abdüllatif Harpûtî ve Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır birer Şâbânî dervişidir. Karabaş Velî’nin oğlu Mustafa Mânevî, Hasan Ünsî, İbrâhim Has, Mustafa İbretî, Mehmed Nasûhî, Üsküdarlı Mustafa Zekâi, Geredeli Halil Efendi’nin oğlu Mustafa Rûmî, Kuşadalı’nın mensuplarından Mustafa Aczî, Mehmed Aydî Baba, Abdülaziz Mecdi Tolun divan sahibi şairler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Diğer tarikatlar gibi Şâbâniyye tarikatında mûsikiye önem verilmiş, tarikat mensupları arasında büyük mûsikişinas ve bestekârlar yetişmiştir. Mehmed Nasûhî’nin dervişlerinden İbrâhim Ağa ile Mudurnulu Şeyh Mehmed Tulûî Efendi, Mustafa Zekâi Efendi bestekârlık, Mustafa Enverî’nin müridlerinden Hacı Nazif Bey bestekârlık ve zâkirlikleriyle ön plana çıkar. Nasûhî’nin torunlarından Şeyh Mesud Efendi ve kardeşi Şeyh Said Efendi (Özok), Mustafa Enverî’nin torunu ve Nalçacı Dergâhı’nın son şeyhi İhsan Efendi (İyisan), mûsiki nazariyatına dair çalışmalarıyla tanınan Abdülkadir Töre, Hacı Ârif Bey’in oğlu Zeki Ârif Ataergin, Mihrimah Sultan Camii imamı Nâfiz (Uncu) Efendi (ö. 1958) önemli mûsikişinaslardır.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2010 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 38. cildinde, 211-215 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.