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TUĞLUKLULAR Skip to content TUĞLUKLULAR Delhi’de hüküm süren Türk-İslâm hânedanı (1320-1414).
Müellif: S. Haluk Kortel
Hânedanın kurucusu Gıyâseddin Tuğluk, Sind ile Türk ülkeleri arasında kalan dağlık Karavna bölgesi Türkler’indendir. Alâeddin Halacî devrinde (1296-1316) Hindistan’a gelerek sultanın Sind ve Mültan valisi olan kardeşi Uluğ Han Elmas’ın hizmetine girdi, ordunun yaya ve atlı sınıflarında yer aldıktan sonra emirliğe yükseldi. Moğollar’a karşı yapılan savaşlarda gösterdiği başarılar neticesinde ün kazandı ve “Melik Gazi” unvanıyla anılmaya başlandı. Uzun yıllar kuzeybatı sınırı eyaletlerinden Dipâlpûr, Sâmâna ve Mültan’ın idareciliğini yürüttü ve Kutbüddin Mübârek Şah’ın hükümdarlığı sırasında (1316-1320) aynı görevi sürdürdü.
Saltanat nâibi Hüsrev Han 720’de (1320) Kutbüddin Mübârek Şah’ı öldürerek tahta çıktı. Mühtedi bir Hindu olan Hüsrev Han ülkede Hinduluğun yeniden üstünlük kazanması için girişimlerde bulundu. Melik Tuğluk ona tâbi olmayı reddetti ve İslâm hâkimiyetini yeniden sağlamak amacıyla emrindeki kuvvetlerle Delhi üzerine yürüdü. Lohrâvat ovasında yapılan savaşı Tuğluk kazandı. Hüsrev Han kaçtıysa da yakalanarak idam edildi. Ertesi gün saraya gelen Tuğluk, Halacîler’den hiçbir şehzadenin hayatta kalmadığını öğrenince tahta oturdu (1 Şâban 720 / 6 Eylül 1320). Tuğluk Şah’ın ilk işi tarımı teşvik edici tedbirler almak oldu. Çiftçilerin ödediği arazi vergilerini önemli ölçüde hafifletti. Taşra idarecilerinin çiftçilere vergi konusunda zulüm yapmalarını önleyen kanunlar koydu. Ardından orduyu yeniden teşkilâtlandırdı.
Fîrûz Şah Tuğluk’un Delhi dışındaki türbesi Delhi’deki hânedan değişikliğinden sonra tâbi Hindu racalarından Varangal Racası Pratap Rudra Deva bağımsız hareket etmeye başladı. Bunun üzerine Tuğluk Şah, oğlu Uluğ Han Fahreddin Muhammed Cavna (Cûne) Han’ı 721’de (1321) kalabalık bir orduyla Varangal’e gönderdi. Cavna Han, Varangal’i kuşattıysa da orduda çıkan karışıklıklar yüzünden başarılı olamadı ve Delhi’ye döndü. Tuğluk Şah, başta şair Ubeyd ve Şeyhzâde Dımaşkī olmak üzere askerleri isyana teşvik edenleri idam ettirdikten sonra Cavna Han’ı yeniden Varangal’e gönderdi (723/1323). Önce Varangal civarını ve Bîder bölgesini ele geçiren Cavna Han ardından Varangal’i zaptetti. Merkezi Varangal olan Telingana Racalığı merkeze bağlı bir eyalet haline getirilerek toprakları iktâlara ayrıldı. Adı Sultanpûr olarak değiştirilen Varangal’de bir cami inşa edildi. Cavna Han, Varangal’den geri dönüşü sırasında Raca II. Bhânudeva idaresinde Utkala Racalığı’nın hâkimiyet sahası olan Orissa’yı da (Cacnagar) ele geçirdi. Öte yandan Bengal hâkimi Şemseddin Fîrûz Şah’ın 718 (1318) yılında vuku bulan ölümünün ardından oğulları arasında saltanat mücadelesi başlamıştı. Bunlardan Nâsırüddin’in Delhi Sultanlığı’ndan yardım istemesi Tuğluk Şah’a Bengal’e müdahale fırsatı verdi. Tuğluk Şah’ın kuvvetleri, Nâsırüddin Şah ile birleşerek muhalifleri mağlûp ettiler, kardeşlerden Gıyâseddin Bahadır’ı esir aldılar. Nâsırüddin Şah vasal hükümdar sıfatıyla Leknevtî’de Batı Bengal tahtına geçirildi. On üç yıldan beri Bahadır’ın idaresindeki Doğu Bengal ise merkeze bağlı bir eyalet haline getirildi. Tuğluk Şah daha sonra Tirhut üzerine yürüdü ve iki üç haftalık bir kuşatmanın ardından burayı fethetti. Sefer dönüşü Tuğlukâbâd yakınlarındaki Afganpûr köyünde oğlu Fahreddin Cavna Han’ın düzenlediği karşılama töreni sırasında kurulan ahşap köşkün çökmesi sonucu öldü (725/1325). Yerine veliaht tayin ettiği Cavna Han, Muhammed Şah unvanıyla tahta çıktı. Cavna Han, Halacîler devrinde “dâdbeg” ve “âhûrbeg” olarak görev yapmış, babası Tuğluk’un tahta çıkması üzerine “Uluğ Han” unvanıyla veliaht tayin edilmişti.
Yeni sultan, öncelikle amcazadesi Sagar Valisi Bahâeddin Gerşâsb’ın isyanıyla uğraşmak zorunda kaldı. Kampila racasıyla ittifak kuran Bahâeddin aylar süren bir takipten sonra yakalanıp idam edildi (727/1327). Ertesi yıl Dekken’deki Kondhana Kalesi sekiz aylık bir kuşatma sonucunda Hindular’ın elinden alındı. Muhammed Şah, Güney Hindistan’da yapılan fetihler sebebiyle orada yeni bir başşehir kurma fikrini benimsedi. Bu amaçla Devâgirî’yi (Deogiri) yeniden inşa ettirdi ve Devletâbâd adıyla başşehir edindi (727/1327). Görevliler, âlimler ve halktan birçok kimsenin yeni başşehre yerleşmesi sultanı tatmin etmedi ve iki yıl sonra Delhi halkını Devletâbâd’a göç etmeye zorladı. Ancak yeterli araştırma yapılmamasından ve sultanın sert davranışından dolayı bu teşebbüs olumlu sonuç vermedi. Göçe zorlananların birçoğu yolda öldü, oraya ulaşanlar da iklime uyum sağlayamadılar. Delhi ise boş ve bakımsız kaldı. Bunun üzerine sultan geri dönmeye karar verdi. Bu arada Mültan Valisi Behrâm Ay-aba Kişli (Kişlû) Han ile Leknevtî Valisi Gıyâseddin Bahadır Bora’nın çıkardığı isyanlar ordu tarafından şiddetle bastırıldı. Ay-aba ve Bahadır yakalanıp idam edildi (728-729/1328-1329).
Muhammed Şah, tahta çıkışından kısa bir süre sonra yaptığı seferle Kalânor ve Peşâver’i ele geçirerek bu bölgedeki Moğol nüfuzunu kırmıştı. Buna karşılık Çağatay Hanı Tarmaşirin 729 (1329) yılında Pencap üzerinden Hindistan’a girdi ve Bedâûn vilâyeti sınırına kadar geçtiği yerleri yağmalayıp tahrip ettikten sonra geri döndü. Muhammed Şah, Tarmaşirin’i Ravi nehrinin güneyindeki Kalânor’da yakalayıp bozguna uğrattı. Aynı yıl Ganj ve Cemne (Cumne) nehirleri arasındaki Düâb bölgesi halkı ziraî vergilerin arttırılması yüzünden ayaklandı ve eşkıyalığa başladı. Muhammed Şah’ın Düâb’a ordu göndermesi bölgenin boşalmasına ve ziraî üretimin durmasına yol açtı. Delhi’de hububat ve erzak sıkıntısı baş gösterdi. Bunun üzerine sultan, Delhi halkını Eved vilâyetinde Ganj ırmağı kıyısında yeni kurduğu Svargadvara (Sanskritçe cennetin kapısı) şehrine naklettirdi.
Gıyâseddin Tuğluk’un Tuğlukâbâd’daki türbesi 731-732 (1331-1332) yıllarında bakır ve bronz paralar tedavüle çıkaran Muhammed Şah bunların gümüş ve altın paralara eşdeğer sayılmasını emretti. Bu durum kalpazanların işine yaradı. Sonuçta sultan sahte paraları gümüşle değiştirmek zorunda kaldı ve devlet hazinesi ağır kayıplara uğradı. Muhammed Şah devleti eski malî gücüne kavuşturabilmek için büyük arazileri (iktâları) iltizam usulüyle vermeye başladı. Ancak tecrübesiz mültezimler, devlete ödemeyi taahhüt ettikleri yüksek paraları veremeyince cezalandırılmaktan korkup isyan ettiler. Sultan bu hatalı uygulama neticesinde hayatının sonuna kadar isyanlarla mücadele ettiyse de ülkenin bölünmesini engelleyemedi. Sahvan’da Üner ve Kayser-i Rûmî adlı iki kumandan valiyi öldürüp isyan etti. Mültan Valisi İmâdülmülk Sertîz bu isyanı bastırdı (734/1333). Bu defa Ma‘ber Valisi Seyyid Celâleddin Ahsen Şah ayaklanarak bağımsızlığını ilân etti. Sultan onun üzerine yürüdü, fakat ordusunda salgın hastalık çıkınca geri dönmek zorunda kaldı. Böylece devletin en güneydeki eyaleti olan Ma’ber, Delhi Sultanlığı’nın idaresinden çıkmış oldu (735/1334-35). 737 (1336-37) yılında Tibet ve Çin’i fethetmek amacıyla gönderilen 80-100.000 askerden oluşan ordu, Himalaya dağlarının eteklerinde Kumaon Garhval bölgesindeki Karaçil’de soğuk yüzünden tamamen yok oldu. Bu olay devletin askerî gücünü önemli ölçüde zayıflattı. Bir yıl sonra sultan ordunun başında bizzat Nagarkot seferine çıktı ve bu kaleyi zaptetti.
Sultanın üvey kardeşi Behrâm Han’ın ölümü üzerine Melik Fahreddin Mübârek Şah, Doğu Bengal’de bağımsızlığını ilân etti (739/1338-39). Aynı yıl Karra’da mültezim Nizâm Muîn vaad ettiği parayı hazineye ödeyemeyince ayaklandı. Ayaklanma Eved (Dudh) ve Zaferâbâd Valisi Aynülmülk Mültânî tarafından bastırıldı ve Nizâm Muîn idam edildi. Eyaletinin vergisini ödeyemeyen Tâcülmülk Nusret Han’ın Muhammedâbâd’da (Bîder) ve Ali Âdil Şah Nathu’nun Gülberge ve Bîder’de çıkardığı isyanları sultanın nâibi Kutluğ Han bastırarak âsileri cezalandırdı (740/1339). Ardından Melik Aynülmülk Mültânî isyan etti. Sultan bütün güçlüklere rağmen Aynülmülk’ü mağlûp etmeyi başardı. Aynülmülk hapsedildiyse de sonradan sultan onu affetti. 742 (1341) yılında Mültan Valisi Bihzâd’ı öldüren Şâhû, Afgan’da isyan etti; sultan ordusuyla üzerine yürüyünce de Gucerât’a kaçtı.
Muhammed Şah, müslümanlar arasında kaybettiği itibarı yeniden kazanmak için Mısır’daki Abbâsî Halifesi Müstekfî-Billâh’a elçi gönderdi, onun adına hutbe okuttu ve para bastırdı. Halife Müstekfî, 744’te (1343-44) yolladığı elçilik heyeti aracılığıyla onun sultanlığını onayladı. Ardından Muhammed Şah, Hacı Receb-i Barkaî’yi değerli mücevherler ve hediyelerle Kahire’ye gönderdi. Barkaî, yaklaşık iki yıl sonra Mısır Şeyhüşşüyûhu Rükneddin el-Malatî ile birlikte Delhi’ye döndü ve Halife Hâkim-Biemrillâh’ın yolladığı yeni hil‘ati sultana takdim etti (Muharrem 746 / Mayıs 1345). Ancak bu teşebbüs de siyasî birliği korumaya yetmedi. Ülkede yeni isyanlar patlak verdi. Devletâbâd’da ayaklanan taşra teşkilâtı görevlilerinden “emîrân-ı sade” diye bilinen Dekken soyluları İsmâil Muh adında birini “Nâsırüddin” lakabıyla Dekken sultanı ilân ettiler. Bunun üzerine Muhammed Şah Devletâbâd’a yürüdü. Şehri zaptederek âsileri iç kalede kuşattı. Fakat bu sırada Gıyâseddin Tuğluk’un Türk memlüklerinden şahne-i bârgâh Tagī’nin Gucerât’ta isyan etmesi yüzünden kuşatmayı kaldırıp oraya gitmek zorunda kaldı. Uparkot Kalesi’ni ele geçirdi ve kale yakınlarına bir cami inşa ederek ayrı bir şehir kurdu (Cunâgerh). Muhammed Şah, Tagī’yi Sind’de üç yıl takip ettiyse de yakalamayı başaramadı ve Tatta (Thatta) yakınında hastalanarak öldü (21 Muharrem 752 / 20 Mart 1351). Bu arada Devletâbâd’da süren karışıklıklar sonucu Dekken, Delhi Sultanlığı’nın idaresinden kesin şekilde çıktı ve yeni kurulan Behmenîler Devleti’nin hâkimiyetine girdi (1347). Aldığı idarî ve askerî önlemler, Muhammed Şah’ın son derece yetenekli ve ileri görüşlü bir hükümdar olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat bunlar gerekli alt yapı hazırlanmadan gerçekleştirildiği için başarısızlığa uğramıştır. Muhammed Şah aydın, bilime değer veren ve müslüman-Hindu ayırımı yapmadan halka adaletli davranan bir hükümdardı. Kendisinden önceki sultanların aksine Hindular’a müsamaha gösterdiği ve onları üst düzey görevlere tayin ettiği kaydedilmektedir.
Sultan Muhammed’in âni ölümünden üç gün sonra devlet ileri gelenleri ve kumandanlar amcasının oğlu Kemâleddin Fîrûz’u “Fîrûz Şah” unvanıyla tahta çıkardılar (24 Muharrem 752 / 24 Mart 1351). Ordunun üç gün başsız kalmasını fırsat bilen Delhi Sultanlığı hizmetindeki Moğol asıllı kumandan Nevrûz Kargan, Çağataylı kuvvetlerini Hindistan’a davet etti. Moğollar, sultanlık ordusuna karşı şiddetli akınlarda bulunarak birkaç gün boyunca rahatsızlık verdiler. Bu esnada Vezir Hâce-i Cihân Ahmed Ayaz, Muhammed Şah’ın oğlu olduğu iddia edilen Mahmûd’u Delhi’de tahta oturtmuştu (752/1351). Hâce-i Cihân, Fîrûz Şah’ın Delhi’ye doğru ilerlediğini öğrenince ondan af diledi; ancak sultanın adamları cezalandırılmasında ısrar ederek onu öldürttüler.
Tahta çıkışından kısa bir süre sonra Mısır’daki Abbâsî Halifesi Mu‘tazıd-Billâh, Fîrûz Şah’a hil‘at ve menşur gönderip hükümdarlığını tasdik etti (754/1353). Fîrûz Şah, Delhi Sultanlığı’nın büyük ölçüde daralan hâkimiyet sahasını genişletmek istiyordu. Bu amaçla, elden çıkan eyaletlerden Bengal’e 754 (1353) ve 760 (1359) yıllarında iki sefer düzenledi. Sonuçta Bengal Hükümdarı İskender Şah sultana itaat etmeyi ve yıllık vergi ödemeyi kabul etti. Cacnagar (Orissa) (761/1360), Nagarkot (1363) ve Tatta’ya (1365-1366) yapılan seferler de başarıyla sonuçlandı ve bu yerler Fîrûz Şah’ın hâkimiyetine girdi. 779’da (1377) Etâve’de, 782’de (1380) Katehar’da (Rohilkend) çıkan isyanlar da sert bir şekilde bastırıldı. Fîrûz Şah ölümünden az önce tahtı veliaht tayin ettiği oğlu Muhammed ile paylaştı (Ağustos-Eylül 1387). Fakat Muhammed’in idareye hâkim olacak gücü gösterememesi üzerine torunu Tuğluk Şah’ı veliahtlığa getirdi ve kısa bir süre sonra öldü (18 Ramazan 790 / 20 Eylül 1388). Fîrûz Şah Tuğluk zamanında Delhi Sultanlığı topraklarının bir kısmını kaybetmiş ve nüfuz sahası önemli ölçüde daralmıştır. Fîrûz Şah devri daha çok bilim, kültür, bayındırlık işleri yönünden parlak geçmiştir. Âlimleri himaye eden Fîrûz Şah fakir talebelere ve din görevlilerine hazinesinden para bağlatmış, açtırdığı su kanalları ve kuyular sayesinde tarım alanında verim artmış, halkın refah düzeyi yükselmiştir. Ayrıca ceza kanunları hafifletilmiş, işkence ve hafiyelik kaldırılmış, açılan birçok hayır kurumu ile hasta, işsiz ve fakirlerin sıkıntıları giderilmiştir. Bu devirde askerî iktâ sistemi yeniden önem kazanmış, memlük müessesesi yeni kurulan Dîvân-ı Bendegân’ın denetiminde gelişme göstermiştir. Şefkati ve adaleti bakımından örnek bir hükümdar olan Fîrûz Şah gayri şer‘î yirmi sekiz vergiyi kaldırtmış ve Brahmanlar’ın cizye vermesini zorunlu kılmıştır.
Fîrûz Şah’tan sonra tahta geçenlerin devleti idare etme yeteneğinden yoksun olmaları emîr ve meliklerin elinde âdeta kukla haline gelmelerine yol açtı. Bu durum Delhi Sultanlığı’nı iyice zayıflattı; ülkede siyasî istikrar kalmadı. Fîrûz Şah’ın torunu II. Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah (1388-1389) amcası Muhammed Han ile girdiği mücadelede başarı sağladı ve onu Nagarkot’a çekilmek zorunda bıraktı. Fakat kendini içki ve eğlenceye kaptırarak kontrolü kaybetti. Neticede emîr ve melikler Fîrûzâbâd Sarayı’nda isyan ettiler. II. Gıyâseddin, veziri Melik Fîrûz ile birlikte kaçtıysa da Cemne ırmağı kıyısında yakalanıp öldürüldü. Onun yerine geçen Ebû Bekir Şah’a Fîrûz Şah Tuğluk’un en küçük oğlu Nâsırüddin Muhammed Han rakip oldu. 1390 yılına kadar devam eden mücadeleyi şahne Melik Server’in desteklediği Muhammed Han kazandı ve Delhi’ye girerek tahta oturdu. Mivat’a kaçan Ebû Bekir Şah yakalandı ve hapsedildiği Mîrat Kalesi’nde öldü. Muhammed Şah, Etâve’de isyan hazırlığı yapan Barsingh idaresindeki Hindular’ı mağlûp ederek Etâve Kalesi’ni yıktırdı. Ardından Kannevc ve Dalmu’daki Hindular’ı cezalandırdı (794/1392). Ertesi yıl Kannevc bölgesinde bazı Hindu reislerinin isyan etmesi üzerine sultan Melik Mukarrebülmülk’ü bölgeye gönderdi. Âsilerden biri Etâve’ye kaçabildi, diğerleri öldürüldü. Muhammed Şah, 1393’te Mivat bölgesini yağmalayıp kendi inşa ettirdiği Muhammedâbâd Kalesi’ne dönerken hastalandı ve birkaç ay sonra öldü (17 Rebîülevvel 796 / 20 Ocak 1394). Yerine oğlu Hümâyun, Alâeddin İskender Şah adıyla tahta çıktı. Ancak ülkenin batısını yöneten emîr ve melikler kardeşi Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah’ı sultan ilân ettiler. İki kardeş arasında bir yıl süren mücadele devleti iyice zayıflattı. İskender’in ölümünden sonra ileri gelen emîrlerden Saâdet Han, Feth Han’ın oğlu Nusret Şah’ı tahta oturttu (797/1395). Böylece biri Delhi’de, diğeri Fîrûzâbâd’da iki sultan ortaya çıktı. Nihayet Mallu İkbal Han, uzun mücadelelerin ardından Nusret Şah’ı destekleyen emîrleri bertaraf etti ve Mahmûd Şah’ın Delhi sultanı olmasını sağladı (Zilkade 800 / Temmuz-Ağustos 1398).
Bu sırada Hindistan olaylarını yakından izleyen Timur 1397’de torunu Pîr Muhammed aracılığıyla Mültan’ı ele geçirdi, 1398 yılında kalabalık bir ordunun başında İndus nehrini aştı. Yolu üzerindeki şehir ve kaleleri yakıp yıkarak Delhi’ye ilerledi. Delhi Sultanı Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah elindeki yetersiz kuvvetlerle Timur’a karşı koymaya çalıştı. Fakat Delhi önündeki savaşta kesin bir yenilgiye uğradı ve başşehri terketmek zorunda kaldı. Timur, Delhi ve civarını yağmaladıktan sonra Mültan’da, önceleri Delhi sultanlarının hizmetindeki emîrlerden kendi tarafına geçen Mültan Valisi Hızır Han’ı bırakarak ertesi yıl ülkesine döndü. Timur’un Tuğluklular’a indirdiği ağır darbe Hindistan’da bağımsız devletçiklerin artmasına yol açtı; 1394’te Jaunpûr, 1401’de Mâlvâ ve 1407’de Gucerât’ta müslüman hânedanları kuruldu. Timur’un çekilmesinin ardından Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah, 801 (1399) yılında Delhi’ye gelerek yeniden tahta çıktıysa da önce Mallu İkbal Han’ın, daha sonra Devlet Han Lûdî’nin elinde bir kukla hükümdar olarak kaldı. Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah 815’te (1412) öldü. Devlet Han Lûdî onun adına Delhi ve çevresinde 817 (1414) yılına kadar hüküm sürdü. Ancak Seyyidler hânedanının kurucusu Hızır Han şehri zaptederek iktidarı ele geçirdi (817/1414); böylece Tuğluklular hânedanı sona ermiş oldu.
Tuğluklular devri, Delhi Sultanlığı’nın siyasî tarihinde bir gerileme devri olmakla birlikte kültür hayatı ve imar faaliyetleri açısından parlak bir dönem olmuştur. Ülke ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan bir refah dönemini geçirmiş, birçok müessese ve mescid yapılmıştır. Ayrıca sosyal hayatta değişimler ve bazı ıslahatların gerçekleştirildiği dönem olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Özellikle Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah’ın sosyal alanda ıslahata büyük önem verdiği görülmektedir. Moğollar’dan kaçan pek çok ilim adamı Hindistan’a sığınmış, faaliyetlerini burada devam ettirmiştir. Tuğluklu hükümdarlarının saraylarındaki toplantılarda âlimler, sanatkârlar, şairler ve müzisyenlerin daima özel bir yeri vardı. Pek çok edip ve şair Gıyâseddin Tuğluk’tan himaye görmüş, şair, tarihçi ve mutasavvıf Emîr Hüsrev-i Dihlevî Tuġluḳnâme adlı eserini ona ithaf etmiştir. Bu devirde bayındırlık alanında önemli eserler ortaya konulmuştur. Bunların başlıcaları Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah’ın kurduğu Tuğlukâbâd, Muhammed Şah Tuğluk’un inşa ettirdiği Cihanpenâh ve Fîrûz Şah’ın kurduğu Fîrûzâbâd şehirleridir. Bilhassa Fîrûz Şah zamanı imar faaliyetleri açısından çok önemlidir. Bu dönemde çok sayıda mescid ve medrese yaptırılarak vakıflar tahsis edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında Mescid-i Câmî ve Medrese-i Fîrûz Şah dikkat çeken eserlerdir. Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah ile Fîrûz Şah Tuğluk’un türbeleri bu dönemin önemli mimari yapılarındandır. Mültan’da Şeyh Rükniâlem Türbesi, Yeni Delhi’de Nizâmeddin Evliyâ Türbesi, Cihanpenâh’ta Begüm-pûr Camii ve Delhi’de Hırki Camii de bu eserler arasındadır. Tuğluklular döneminin sûfî, âlim ve devlet adamları arasında Burhâneddîn-i Garîb, Hamid Kalender, Hân-ı Cihân Makbûl, yedi yıl kadılık yapan İbn Battûta, Şerefeddin Mânerî Mîrhord ve Muînüddin İmrânî zikredilebilir.
TUĞLUKLULAR I. Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah 720 (1320) Gıyâseddin II. Muhammed Şah 725 (1325) Mahmud Şah 752 (1351) III. Fîrûz Şah 752 (1351) II. Gıyâseddin Tuğluk Şah 790 (1388) Ebû Bekir Şah 791 (1389) Nâsırüddin III. Muhammed Şah 792 (1390) Alâeddin I. İskender Şah 796 (1394) II. Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah (birinci saltanatı) 796 (1394) Nusret Şah (Fîrûzâbâd’dan II. Mahmûd Şah ile iktidar mücadelesi) 797 (1395) II. Mahmûd Nâsırüddin Şah (ikinci saltanatı) 801 (1399) Devlet Han Lûdî 815-817 (1412-1414)
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