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ZENGÎ, İmâdüddin Skip to content Ebü’l-Muzaffer (Ebü’l-Cûd) el-Melikü’l-Mansûr eş-Şehîd İmâdüddîn Zengî b. Aksungur b. Abdillâh (ö. 541/1146)
Zengîler’in kurucusu ve ilk hükümdarı (1127-1146).
477 (1084) veya 480 (1087) yılında Halep’te dünyaya geldi. Babası Sabyu boyundan İl-Turgan oğlu Kasîmüddevle Aksungur, Sultan Alparslan zamanında Selçuklu Devleti’nin hizmetine girmişti. Aksungur, Sultan Melikşah’ın ölümünden sonra başlayan taht mücadeleleri sırasında başlangıçta hizmetine girdiği Tutuş’u terkedip Berkyaruk’un safına geçti. Ancak Tutuş tarafından mağlûp edildi ve öldürüldü. Babası öldüğünde on veya yedi yaşlarında olan tek oğlu İmâdüddin, Halep Kalesi’nde bulunuyordu. Musul Emîri Kürboğa “kardeşimin oğlu” dediği İmâdüddin’i himayesine alıp Musul’a getirdi. İmâdüddin eğitimini Musul’da sürdürdü. İlk savaş tecrübesini de Kürboğa’nın yanında Âmid kuşatmasında edindi. Kürboğa’nın ölümü üzerine (495/1102) Musul önce Mûsâ et-Türkmânî’nin ve ardından Cezîre-i İbn Ömer (Cizre) hâkimi Çökürmüş’ün eline geçti. Çökürmüş de Zengî’yi himayesine aldı. Onun halefleri Çavlı ve Mevdûd b. Altuntegin zamanında da ilgi gören İmâdüddin, himayesinde büyüdüğü Musul Valisi Mevdûd’un 504 (1111) ve 506 (1113) yıllarında Haçlılar’a karşı düzenlediği seferlere katıldı. Mevdûd’un yerine geçen Aksungur el-Porsukī tarafından yine Haçlılar’a karşı yapılan sefere Melik Mes‘ûd ile beraber iştirak etti. Sefer sona erince tekrar Musul’a döndü; burada Sultan Muhammed Tapar’ın oğlu Mesud ve atabegi Emîr Ayaba’nın (Cüyûş Beg) hizmetine girdi. Ardından Musul Valisi Aksungur el-Porsukī onu kendisi adına Vâsıt’a ve Basra’ya gönderdi (516/1122). Irak Selçuklu Sultanı Mahmud b. Muhammed Tapar 518’de (1124) Vâsıt’ı ve Basra’yı ona iktâ etti.
Abbâsî Halifesi Müsterşid-Billâh, Selçuklu sultanlarına karşı iktidar mücadelesine girmişti. Sultan Sencer’in emriyle Bağdat’a girmek isteyen Irak Selçuklu sultanı hilâfet ordusunun şiddetli direnişiyle karşılaştı. Bağdat’ı kuşatan Mahmûd b. Muhammed Tapar, Zengî’nin yardımıyla şehre girdi. Zengî bu hizmetine karşılık Vâsıt ile Basra’ya ilâveten Bağdat şahneliğine tayin edilerek ödüllendirildi (Rebîülevvel 520 / Nisan 1126). Musul Valisi Aksungur el-Porsukī’nin Bâtınîler tarafından öldürülmesi üzerine Sultan Mahmud, başta Musul olmak üzere onun idaresindeki eyaletlerin valiliğine İmâdüddin Zengî’yi getirdi ve onu oğlu Alparslan’a atabeg tayin etti. Zengî 10 Ramazan 521’de (19 Eylül 1127) Musul’a geldi (İbn Hallikân, II, 328). Böylece Musul Atabegliği’nin (Zengîler) temelleri atılmış oldu. Zengî ilk olarak bir kısmı Artuklu hâkimiyetindeki Cezîre-i İbn Ömer, Nusaybin, Sincar, Habur, Harran ve Halep’i ele geçirdi. Halep’e girince babasının hâtırasına hürmeten sevgiyle karşılandı (Cemâziyelâhir 522 / Haziran 1128).
Dımaşk Atabegi Tuğtegin, Haçlılar’la olan mücadelesinin yanı sıra bütün Suriye’yi kendi idaresinde birleştirmek istiyordu; zira Haçlılar’a karşı bu şekilde başarı kazanabilirdi. Fakat aynı amaçla harekete geçen Zengî’nin yolunun onunla kesişmesi kaçınılmazdı. Tuğtegin’in ölümü üzerine (522/1128) Zengî, Urfa Kontu Joscelin’le anlaşıp arkasını emniyete aldı. Ancak Sultan Sencer, Irak Selçuklu Hükümdarı Mahmud’dan Musul’u Zengî’den alıp yerine Hille Emîri Dübeys b. Sadaka’yı tayin etmesini istediyse de Zengî, Sultan Mahmud ile görüşüp bu tayini engelledi. Bu sırada Mahmud, Zengî’ye “melikü’l-garb” unvanını verdi (523/1129). Zengî bir süre sonra Dımaşk Atabegi Böri’den Haçlılar’a karşı yardım isteyince Böri, Hama valisi olan oğlu Sevinç’e kuvvetleriyle ona katılmasını emretti. Ancak Zengî askerleriyle birlikte Halep’e gelen Sevinç’i hapse attırdı; böylece savunmasız bıraktığı Hama’yı kolayca ele geçirdi (18 Şevval 524 / 24 Eylül 1130). Aynı yıl Böri’ye ihanet edip kendi hizmetine giren Hayır Han (Kırhan) b. Karaca’yı valisi olduğu Humus’u (Hıms) teslim etmeye zorladıysa da kışın yaklaşmasıyla buradan ayrılmak zorunda kaldı. Bunun ardından Zengî, Antakya-Halep arasında bulunan, Antakya Prinkepsliği’nin hâkimiyetindeki Esârib’i fethetti. Bu kalenin zaptı Halep ve yöresinin güvenliği bakımından çok önemli idi. Buradan Hârim’e yönelen Zengî, Haçlılar’ın şiddetli direnişi ve Artuklu sınırında meydana gelen olaylar yüzünden kuşatmayı kaldırdı. Daha sonra Mardin Artuklu Beyi Hüsâmeddin Timurtaş ile Hasankeyf (Hısnıkeyfâ) Beyi Dâvûd b. Sökmen’in Nusaybin’i geri almak için kendi aleyhinde ittifak etmeleri üzerine Mardin-Nusaybin arasında yer alan Serce’ye hücum etti. Dâvûd b. Sökmen ve Timurtaş’ın 20.000 Türkmen askeriyle takviye ettikleri ordularını 4000 savaşçıyla mağlûp etti. Dâvûd, Cezîre-i İbn Ömer’i yağmalayınca Zengî Mardin’e bağlı Dârâ’yı zaptetti.
Halife Müsterşid-Billâh ile aralarında anlaşmazlık bulunan Hille Emîri Dübeys, Sarhad’a giderken Böri’ye bağlı kuvvetler tarafından yakalandı (525/1131). Halife Dübeys’in kendisine teslim edilmesini istiyordu. Ancak Zengî, Böri’ye onu kendisine verdiği takdirde 50.000 dinar ödeyeceğini, ayrıca yanında esir tuttuğu Sevinç b. Böri’yi ve kumandalarını serbest bırakacağını söyledi. Böri bu teklifi kabul etti. Zengî de teslim aldığı Dübeys’i Sultan Sencer’in emriyle serbest bıraktı. Sultan Mahmud’un ölümü üzerine (525/1131) Irak Selçuklu tahtı için başlayan saltanat mücadeleleri Halife Müsterşid-Billâh’ın müdahaleleriyle şiddetlenmişti. Bu arada Zengî’nin, atabegi bulunduğu Melik Alparslan adına hutbe okunması için halifeye yaptığı başvuru melikin yaşının küçüklüğü dolayısıyla reddedildi. Mahmud’un yerine oğlu Dâvûd geçti. Mes‘ûd b. Muhammed Tapar kardeşi Selçuk Şah’a karşı Atabeg Zengî’yi kendi saflarına çekmek istiyordu. Zengî de onun talebini kabul ederek Musul’dan yola çıktı. Bunu haber alan Atabeg Karaca Sâkî, Zengî’nin Mesud ile birleşmesini önlemek için Bağdat’tan hareket etti ve meydana gelen savaşta Zengî yenildi.
Sultan Sencer’in Rey’e gelmesi üzerine Mesud, halife ile kardeşi Selçuk Şah’a Sencer’e karşı birlikte hareket etmeyi önerdi. Aralarında yaptıkları anlaşmaya göre Mesud sultan, Selçuk Şah da onun veliahdı olacak, Irak halifenin nâibi tarafından idare edilecekti (İbnü’l-Esîr, el-Kâmil , X, 475). Bu anlaşmadan sonra Sultan Sencer’in adı hutbelerden çıkarıldı. Bunu öğrenen Sultan Sencer, Zengî’den Bağdat’a yürümesini istedi. Bağdat’ın tehdit altında bulunduğunu söyleyen halife, Zengî’yi etkisiz kılmak düşüncesiyle Selçuklu meliklerinden ayrılarak Abbâsiye’de karargâh kurdu. Zengî ise halifeden daha büyük bir kuvvete sahip olmasına rağmen kendisine hürmeten savaşmayıp Musul’a döndü. Buna rağmen Zengî’ye karşı sert tutumunu sürdüren halife Musul’u kuşattı. Musul nâibi Nasîrüddin Çakır’ın şehri başarıyla savunması ve Zengî’nin hilâfet ordusunun ikmal yollarını kesmesi üzerine halife Bağdat’a dönmek zorunda kaldı. Ardından Zengî, Bağdat’a değerli hediyeler gönderip halifeyle ilişkilerini düzeltmeye çalıştı (İbnü’l-Esîr, et-Târîḫu’l-bâhir , s. 47-48). Ancak Musul seferi sırasında halifeyi destekleyenleri cezalandırmak istiyordu. Mardin Artuklu Beyi Timurtaş’la anlaşarak Âmid yakınlarında Hasankeyf Emîri Dâvûd’u ağır bir yenilgiye uğrattı (29 Cemâziyelâhir 528 / 26 Nisan 1134); Âmid’i kuşattıysa da alamadı. Halifeye yardım eden Emîr Îsâ el-Humeydî’ye ait Akr ve Şûş kaleleri başta olmak üzere bölgedeki kaleleri ele geçirdi. Bunu haber alan Âşib ve el-Cezîre’deki bazı kalelerin hâkimi Ebü’l-Heycâ el-Hakkârî hediyeler gönderip eman diledi. Bu arada Sencer’in Irak Selçuklu tahtına tayin ettiği Sultan Tuğrul’un ölümüyle taht kavgaları alevlendi. Halife Müsterşid, bu mücadeleler sırasında Hemedan’da tahta oturan Mesud’a karşı Hemedan yakınlarındaki Dâymerc’de girdiği savaşta mağlûp oldu ve esir düştü. Halifenin yardım çağrısını Dımaşk kuşatması sırasında alan Zengî yetiştiğinde artık çok geçti. Sultan Sencer’in emriyle savaş tazminatı ödemek şartıyla serbest bırakılan halife sultanın karargâhında iken Bâtınîler tarafından öldürüldü. 529 yılının Şevval ayı sonlarında (Ağustos 1135 başları) Humus’u kuşatan Zengî, Musul’un yeni halife tarafından kuşatılacağına dair haberler gelince kuşatmaya son verip Musul’a döndü.
Sultan Mesud yeni halife Râşid-Billâh’tan babasının kabul ettiği savaş tazminatını ödemesini istedi. Halife Bağdat şahnesini uzaklaştırıp Mesud’a karşı ittifak oluşturdu. Melik Alparslan adına hutbe okutacağı vaadiyle Zengî’nin desteğini de sağladı. Ancak hutbeyi Dâvûd adına okutunca Sultan Mesud, Ramazan 530 (Haziran 1136) tarihinde Bağdat’ı kuşattı. Elli bir gün devam eden kuşatma sonunda halifenin ordusu dağıldı. Kuşatma sırasında halifenin yanında olan Zengî şehir düşmek üzere iken Halife Râşid-Billâh’ı yanına alarak Musul’a döndü. Sultan Sencer’in de onayı ile Halife Râşid azledilip Muktefî-Liemrillâh halife ilân edildi. Zengî bir müddet daha Halife Râşid ve Dâvûd’a bağlı kaldı. Râşid-Billâh, Sultan Mesud’un kuvvetleri Musul’a ulaşmadan Zengî’nin tavsiyesiyle şehri terketti. Ancak İsfahan’da o da Bâtınîler tarafından öldürüldü. Zengî, Sultan Mesud ve Halife Muktefî-Billâh adına hutbe okutarak Sencer’le olan anlaşmazlığa son verdi. Bundan yararlanıp Muînüddin Üner’in idaresindeki Humus üzerine yürüdü (Şâban 531 / Mayıs 1137). İyi tahkim edildiği için şehri alamayan Zengî, Haçlılar’ın elindeki Bârîn’i hedef aldı. Yardıma gelen Kudüs Kralı Fulk (Foulque), Zengî’nin düzenlediği baskından hayatını güçlükle kurtarırken Trablus Kontu Raimond esir düştü. Kral Fulk, Bizans imparatorunun kendilerine karşı sefere çıktığını haber alınca Bârîn’i Zengî’ye emanla teslim edip anlaşmaya mecbur kaldı. Bu arada Zengî ile paralel bir harekât yürüten Halep nâibi Savar, Kefertâb ve Maarretünnu‘mân’ı ele geçirdi. Böylece Zengî, Dımaşk Atabegleri ile Artuklular’ın Haçlılar’a karşı başarıyla yürüttükleri mücadeleyi sürdürebilecek güçte bir lider olduğunu kanıtlamış oldu. Bizans imparatorunun Suriye’de bulunmasına rağmen Zengî, Dımaşk Atabegliği’ne (Börîler) bağlı Humus’u kuşattı. Bu sırada imparatordan gelen elçilik heyetini iyi karşıladı ve onların emniyet içinde geri dönmesini sağladı (İbnü’l-Kalânisî, s. 262).
İmparator II. Ioannes Komnenos, Haçlılar’a babası zamanında yapılmış olan vasallık yeminini ve tâbiiyet şartlarını hatırlatmak, Ermeniler’i yeniden itaat altına almak ve Zengî’yi bertaraf etmek amacıyla Antakya’ya gelmişti. İmparator şehri bir süre kuşattıktan sonra Çukurova’ya dönerken Raimond ile bir anlaşma yaptı. Buna göre Antakya imparatorluğa iade edilecek, Türkler’in elindeki Halep, Hama, Humus ve Şeyzer gibi şehirler zaptedilince Raimond’a bırakılacaktı. Kışı Çukurova’da geçiren Ioannes Komnenos baharda yeniden Antakya’ya geldi. Zengî, imparatorun yalnızca Haçlılar’ı cezalandırmakla yetinmeyeceğini bildiği için Sultan Mesud’dan yardım isterken düşmanın ilk hedefi olan Halep şehrini takviye etti. İmparator Bizâa’yı (Buzâa) emanla aldıktan sonra Halep’i üç gün kuşattıysa da buradan başarısızlıkla ayrıldı (6 Şâban 532 / 19 Nisan 1138). Garnizonu zayıf olan Esârib ise teslim olmak zorunda kaldı. Buradan Şeyzer’e yürüyen Ioannes şehri bir süre kuşattı, ardından Şeyzer hâkimi Ebü’l-Asâkir’in verdiği bir miktar parayı alarak ülkesine döndü. Bu savaşlar sırasında, aralarındaki düşmanlığa rağmen Artuklu Beyi Dâvûd ve Diyarbekir bölgesinden Türkmen kuvvetleri Zengî’ye büyük destek verdiler. Sultan Mesud’un gönderdiği 15.000 kişilik Selçuklu ordusu imparator bölgeden ayrılınca geri döndü.
Zengî, Bizans ordusunun çekilmesinin ardından yeniden Dımaşk Atabegliği topraklarına girdi. Dımaşk hâkimi Atabeg Şehâbeddin Mahmud’un annesi Zümrüt (Zümürrüd) Hatun’la evlenip Humus’un çeyiz olarak Musul’a bağlanması şartıyla bir anlaşma yaptı ve kendi kızını da Mahmud’la evlendirdi (Ramazan 532 / Mayıs 1138). Buradan ayrılarak imparatorun seferi esnasında Haçlılar’ın zaptettiği Kefertâb, Esârib ve Bizâa’yı geri aldı (Muharrem-Safer 533 / Eylül-Ekim 1138). Dımaşk Atabegi Mahmud bir süre sonra kendi adamları tarafından öldürüldü. Zengî bunu Dımaşk Atabegliği topraklarına girmek için bir vesile saydı. Karısı Zümrüt Hatun’un teşviki ve Dımaşk’tan gelen davetler üzerine harekete geçti. Ancak Ba‘lebek’i zaptedince teslim olan müdafileri öldürtmesi kendisine duyulan güveni sarstı. Nitekim Dımaşk’ta ciddi bir direnişle karşılaşıp geri çekilmek zorunda kaldı (a.g.e. , s. 271). Ertesi yıl Dımaşk Atabegi Muhammed’in ölümü ve yerine oğlu Mücîrüddin Abak’ın geçmesi Zengî’yi yeniden harekete geçirdi. Zor durumda kalan Vezir Üner, Üsâme b. Münkız’ı elçi gönderip her ay 20.000 dinar ödemek ve Banyas’ı Zengî’den alıp Haçlılar’a vermek şartıyla Kudüs Kralı Fulk’tan yardım sağladı. Ardından Dımaşk-Haçlı müttefik orduları Banyas’ı ele geçirince şehir Haçlılar’a terkedildi. Zengî, Dımaşk’tan Hama’ya çekilirken 534’te (1139) ele geçirdiği Ba‘lebek şehrini Selâhaddîn-i Eyyûbî’nin babası Necmeddin Eyyûb’a iktâ etti. Dımaşk’ı tekrar kuşatan Zengî gördüğü mukavemet karşısında hutbenin kendi adına okunması şartıyla buradan ayrılıp Musul’a döndü.
Zengî, Kıpçakoğlu Arslan Taş’ın elinde bulunan ve Musul-Hemedan yolunun kontrol noktalarından biri olan Şehrizor’u topraklarına kattı (Zilhicce 534 / Temmuz 1140). Daha sonra Artuklular’ın ve Haçlılar’ın kendi aralarındaki anlaşmazlıklardan yararlanıp Musul’un kuzeyine yöneldi. Hasankeyf Emîri Dâvûd’a ait Behmerd’i alınca Mardin Beyi Timurtaş, Zengî’ye bağlılığını bildirmek zorunda kaldı. Ertesi yıl yine kuzeye, Hakkâri bölgesine ilerledi. Âşib Kalesi’ni ele geçirerek yıktırdı ve burada kendi adına nisbetle İmâdiye diye anılan yeni bir kale inşa ettirdi. Zengî’nin Musul nâibi olan Nasîrüddin Çakır da Hezbânî Kürtleri’nin elindeki Bitlis ve Za‘ferân gibi kaleleri fethetti. Van gölünün güneybatısındaki Hizan’ı, ardından Âmid’e bağlı Mâden’i zapteden Zengî, Dâvûd’un yerine geçen oğlu Kara Arslan’ın kardeşini destekleyip Hasankeyf Artukluları’nı sıkıştırmaya devam etti. Kara Arslan, Zengî’ye karşı Anadolu Selçuklu Sultanı I. Mesud ve Urfa Kontu Joscelin ile ittifak yaptı. Zengî bu arada Şabahtan bölgesinden Yukarı Habur kıyısına kadar Ergani, Çermük, Tulhum, Tel Mevzen, Tanza ve Siirt gibi yerleri hâkimiyeti altına aldı (538/1144).
Topraklarını kuzeyden emniyete alan Zengî’nin asıl hedefi atabegliğin Halep ve Musul toprakları arasına sokulmuş olan Urfa Kontluğu idi. Bunun için uygun fırsatı kolluyor, Artuklu arazisinde yoğun faaliyet göstererek Haçlılar’la ilgilenmediği izlenimi vermek istiyordu. Bu arada Irak Selçuklu Sultanı Mesud bazı emîrleri kendisine karşı kışkırttığı gerekçesiyle Zengî’nin üzerine ordu sevketmeye karar verdi. Bunu haber alan ve onunla savaşmak istemeyen Zengî büyük oğlu Seyfeddin Gazi’yi sultana rehin olarak gönderdi, ayrıca 100.000 dinar vermeyi teklif etti. Onun teklifini kabul eden Mesud, bir miktarını ödediği paranın geri kalanını bağışlayıp Zengî’yi kendi saflarına çekmeye çalıştı ve ona Urfa’nın fethi görevini verdi. Çünkü Urfa Kontu II. Joscelin, Nusaybin’den Mardin ve Âmid’e, Harran’dan Rakka’ya kadar olan geniş bir alanı ciddi biçimde tehdit etmekteydi. İmâdüddin Zengî büyük bir ordu toplamak için hazırlıklara girişti. Urfa Kontu II. Joscelin bu sırada onun Artuklu topraklarında yürüttüğü harekâta aldanıp şehirden ayrılmıştı. Casusları vasıtasıyla şehri yakından takip eden Zengî, Yağıbasan kumandasında bir öncü birlik yolladıktan sonra kendisi de süratle Urfa önlerine geldi. Şehir üç piskopos idaresindeki zayıf bir garnizon tarafından savunulmaktaydı. Zengî’nin teslim olma teklifi reddedilince Urfa, Türkmen birlikleriyle takviye edilen ordu tarafından şiddetli bir şekilde kuşatıldı. Surlar büyük mancınıklarla dövülürken 26 Cemâziyelâhir 539’da (24 Aralık 1144) lağımcıların surlarda açtığı gediklerden içeri giren Türk askerleri 26 Aralık’ta iç kaleyi de ele geçirdiler. Urfa’nın fethiyle ilgili farklı tarihler de verilmektedir (Demirkent, s. 147). Şehirdeki yerli hıristiyanlara adaletle muamele eden Zengî, Haçlılar’ın tasfiyesi hususunda çok şiddetli davrandı. Ali Küçük’ü Urfa valiliğine tayin edip emrine yedi kumandanla birlikte kuvvetli bir garnizon verdi.
İmâdüddin Zengî, Urfa’ya girdikten sonra şehrin tahrip edilmesini önlemiş, esirlerin serbest bırakılmasını, alınan ganimetlerin iade edilmesini istemiştir. Urfa’nın fethi Haçlılar’a o zamana kadar indirilen darbelerin en ağırı ve en anlamlısı idi. Urfa’nın hıristiyanlar için taşıdığı önemi farkeden ve Haçlılar’ın burayı üs edinerek el-Cezîre ve Suriye müslümanlarına büyük zarar verdiklerini bilen İslâm dünyası bugünü bayram ilân etmiş ve İmâdüddin Zengî’yi hediye ve unvanlara garketmiştir (a.g.e. , s. 149). Urfa’nın fethini Bedir Gazvesi’ne benzeten İbnü’l-Esîr ve diğer bazı tarihçiler şehrin fethiyle ilgili bazı kerametlerden bahsederler (et-Târîḫu’l-bâhir , s. 67, 69 vd.; Ebû Şâme el-Makdisî, I, 37). Anadolu yaylası ile el-Cezîre ve Suriye arasındaki stratejik konumu dolayısıyla Urfa’nın savunması bütün Haçlı hâkimiyetlerini yakından ilgilendiriyordu. Zengî bu fethi, Haçlılar’ın Bizans İmparatorluğu ile kavgalarını ve Urfa-Antakya kontları arasındaki gerginliği hesaba katarak Haçlılar’ın yardımlaşmasına imkân bırakmayacak bir zamanda gerçekleştirmiş bulunuyordu.
Anadolu Selçukluları, Dânişmendliler, Artuklular ve Börîler daha önce Haçlılar’a karşı zaferler kazanmışlardı. Bu başarılar Urfa-Antakya-Kudüs güzergâhının Haçlılar’ın elinde birleşmesini engellemişti. Ancak Urfa’nın fethi bu süreçte gerçek bir dönüm noktası oldu. Bu gelişme üzerine Kudüs Krallığı ve bölgedeki diğer Haçlı devletleri büyük korkuya kapıldılar. Hıristiyan dünyası doğudaki kazanımlarının tümüyle yok olacağı endişesiyle II. Haçlı Seferi’ni düzenledi. İslâm dünyasında ise bu zafer Haçlılar’ın bütün Suriye’den sökülüp atılacağı ümidini doğurdu. Halife Muktefî-Liemrillâh, Urfa’nın fethinden dolayı Zengî’ye “el-Emîrü’l-isfehsâlâr el-kebîr, Zeynü’l-İslâm el-Melikü’l-Mansûr, Nasîrü emîri’l-mü’minîn” unvan ve lakaplarını tevcih etti.
Urfa’dan Suruç’a gelen Zengî garnizonu tarafından terkedilen, şehri kolayca ele geçirdi (Receb 539 / Ocak 1145). Ardından Fırat’ın doğusunda Haçlılar’a ait bütün kaleleri fethetti ve Bire’yi de (Birecik) kuşattı. Kale düşmek üzereyken Musul’daki nâibi Çakır’ın Selçuklu Meliki Ferruhşah tarafından öldürüldüğü haberini alınca kuşatmayı kaldırmak zorunda kaldı. Musul’daki isyan, Selçuklu şehzadesi tarafından başlatılmış olması dolayısıyla daha tehlikeli boyutlara ulaşabilirdi. Zengî bu yüzden atabegliğin ikinci merkezi Halep’e gitti. Urfa Valisi Ali Küçük’ü de isyanı bastırmakla görevlendirdi. Ferruhşah, Çakır’ı öldürmekle birlikte garnizonun Zengî’ye bağlı kalması sebebiyle iç kaleyi ele geçiremedi. Musul’a giren Ali Küçük başta Melik Ferruhşah olmak üzere bu isyana karışan herkesi bertaraf etti (Zilkade 539 / Mayıs 1145). Zengî bundan sonra Musul’a geldi ve şehrin valiliğine Ali Küçük’ü tayin etti. Bu arada Ermeniler’in Urfa’yı yeniden Haçlılar’a teslim etme teşebbüsü de Ali Küçük tarafından önlendi. Olayın fâilleri daha sonra şehri ziyarete gelen Zengî tarafından ibret olacak biçimde cezalandırıldı ve Ermeniler’in bir kısmı şehirden sürüldü.
Urfa’yı fethi dolayısıyla Haçlılar arasına büyük korku salan Zengî, bu konumundan yararlanarak bütün Suriye’yi kendi idaresi altında birleştirmek için bir defa daha Dımaşk üzerine yürümek istiyordu. Fakat daha önce atabegliğin el-Cezîre ve Suriye’deki toprakları arasında bir engel teşkil eden Ca‘ber Kalesi’ni alması gerekiyordu. Bu sebeple Ali Küçük’ü Cezîre-i İbn Ömer yakınlarındaki Fenek üzerine gönderdi, kendisi de Ali b. Sâlim el-Ukaylî’nin idaresinde bulunan Ca‘ber Kalesi önlerinde karargâh kurdu (3 Zilhicce 540 / 17 Mayıs 1146). Zengî kuşatmayı şiddetlendirdiği bir sırada 5-6 Rebîülâhir 541 (14-15 Eylül 1146) gecesi Frank asıllı kölelerinden Yarınkuş (Yorunkuş) Zekevî tarafından yatağında uyurken öldürüldü ve Sıffîn’de Muâviye’ye karşı Hz. Ali’nin safında savaşırken ölenlerin yanında toprağa verildi. Yarınkuş’un Zengî’yi öldürdükten sonra Ca‘ber’e kaçması cinayeti kale sahibi adına işlediği izlenimini vermektedir.
Yakışıklı olduğu kaydedilen İmâdüddin Zengî sert mizacına rağmen adaleti sayesinde halk tarafından seviliyor ve Haçlılar’a karşı kazandığı zaferler sebebiyle büyük saygı görüyordu. Güçlülerin zayıflara haksızlık etmesine asla müsaade etmezdi. Harap vaziyetteki ülke toprakları onun zamanında mâmur hale gelmiş ve nüfus artmıştır. Asker eşlerinin himayesine büyük özen gösterirdi (İbn Hallikân, II, 329; şahsiyeti ve çeşitli konulardaki görüşleri için bk. İbnü’l-Esîr, et-Târîḫu’l-bâhir , s. 76-84). Öldüğünde Seyfeddin Gazi, Nûreddin Mahmud, Kutbüddin Mevdûd ve Nusretüddin Mîrmîran adlı dört oğlu ve bir kızı bulunuyordu. Ardından Seyfeddin Gazi Musul’a, Nûreddin Mahmud Halep’e hâkim oldu.
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Bu madde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi’nin 2013 yılında İstanbul’da basılan 44. cildinde, 258-261 numaralı sayfalarda yer almıştır.